@STRING{ Rice = {Rice University}}
@STRING{ CACM = {Communications of the {ACM}}}
@STRING{ CAN = {Computer Architecture News}}
@STRING{ JACM = {Journal of the {ACM}}}
@STRING{ ACM-SURVEYS =  {{ACM} Computing Surveys}}
@STRING{ IBM-RD = {{IBM} Journal of Research and Development}}
@STRING{ IEEE-COM = {{IEEE} Transactions on Communications}}
@STRING{ IEEE-TSE = {{IEEE} Transactions on Software Engineering}}
@STRING{ IEEE-TC = {{IEEE} Transactions on Computers}}
@STRING{ IEEE-TC-SIFT = {{IEEE} Transactions on Computers Special Issue
            On Fault-Tolerant Computing}}
@STRING{ IEEE-TPDS = {{IEEE} Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems}}
@STRING{ IEEE-CS = {{IEEE} Computer Society}}
@STRING{ IEEE-JSAC = {{IEEE} Journal on Selected Areas in Communications}}
@STRING{ ACM-TOC = {{ACM} Transactions on Computers}}
@STRING{ ACM-TOCS = {{ACM} Transactions on Computer Systems}}
@STRING{ ACM-TODS = {{ACM} Transactions on Data Base Systems}}
@STRING{ ACM-TOPLAS = {{ACM} Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems}}
@STRING{ IEEE-COMPUTER = {{IEEE} Computer}}
@STRING{ IEEE-MICRO = {{IEEE MICRO}}}
@STRING{ IPL = {Information Processing Letters}}
@STRING{ IEEE-SOFTWARE = {{IEEE} Software}}
@STRING{ DC = {{D}istributed {C}omputing}}

@string{tcs = {Theoretical Computer Science}}

@STRING{ HAWAII85 = {Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Hawaii
    International Conference on System Sciences}}
@STRING{ HAWAII90 = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Hawaii
    International Conference on System Sciences}}
@STRING{ HAWAII93 = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Hawaii
    International Conference on System Sciences}}

@STRING{ SIGPLAN82 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `82 Symposium on Compiler
    Construction}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN84 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `84 Symposium on Compiler
    Construction}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN86 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `86 Symposium on Compiler
    Construction}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN88 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `88 Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN89 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `89 Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN90 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `90 Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN91 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `91 Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN94 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `94 Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN95 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `95 Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN96 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `96 Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN97 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `97 Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN98 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `98 Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ SIGPLAN99 = {Proceedings of the {SIGPLAN} `99 Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}

@STRING{ SPAA91 = {Proceedings of the 3rd Annual {ACM} Symposium on Parallel
    Algorithms and Architectures}}

@STRING{ PACT98 = {Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on
    Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}}
@STRING{ PACT99 = {Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on
    Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}}
@STRING{ PACT00 = {Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on
    Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}}
@STRING{ PACT01 = {Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on
    Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}}
@STRING{ PACT02 = {Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on
    Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}}
@STRING{ PACT03 = {Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on
    Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}}
@STRING{ PACT04 = {Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on
    Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}}
@STRING{ PACT05 = {Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on
    Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}}
@STRING{ PACT06 = {Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on
    Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}}

@STRING{ RISC92 = {Proccedings of {RISC}`92}}

@STRING{ OSDI94 = {Proceedings of the First Symposium on Operating System
    Design and Implementation}}

@STRING{ OSDI96 = {Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Operating System
    Design and Implementation}}

@STRING{ SIGMETRICS87 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '87)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS88 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '88)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS89 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '89)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS90 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '90)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS91 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '91)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS92 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '92)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS93 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '93)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS94 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '94)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS95 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '95)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS96 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '96)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS97 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '97)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS98 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '98)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS99 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '99)}}
@STRING{ SIGMETRICS00 = {Proceedings of the International Conference
    on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (Sigmetrics '00)}}

@STRING{ POPL89 = {Proc. of the 16th Annual {ACM} Symposium on
    Principles of Programming Languages}}
@STRING{ POPL97 = {Proc. of the 24th Annual {ACM} Symposium on
    Principles of Programming Languages}}
@STRING{ POPL98 = {Proc. of the 25th Annual {ACM} Symposium on
    Principles of Programming Languages}}
@STRING{ POPL99 = {Proc. of the 26th Annual {ACM} Symposium on
    Principles of Programming Languages}}

@STRING{ ICPP84 = {1984 International Conference on Parallel Processing}}
@STRING{ ICPP85 = {1985 International Conference on Parallel Processing}}
@STRING{ ICPP86 = {1986 International Conference on Parallel Processing}}
@STRING{ ICPP87 = {1987 International Conference on Parallel Processing}}
@STRING{ ICPP88 = {1988 International Conference on Parallel Processing}}
@STRING{ ICPP89 = {1989 International Conference on Parallel Processing}}
@STRING{ ICPP90 = {1990 International Conference on Parallel Processing}}
@STRING{ ICPP91 = {1991 International Conference on Parallel Processing}}
@STRING{ ICPP92 = {1992 International Conference on Parallel Processing}}

@STRING{ IPPS95 = {Proceedings of the Ninth ACM/IEEE International Parallel
         Processing Symposium (IPPS)}}

@STRING{IJPP = {International Journal of Parallel Programming}}

@STRING{ GRAPHICS95 = {Proceedings of Graphics Interface '95}}

@STRING{ SOSP6 = {Proceedings of the 6th {ACM} Symposium on Operating Systems
    Principles}}
@STRING{ SOSP7 = {Proceedings of the 7th {ACM} Symposium on Operating Systems
    Principles}}
@STRING{ SOSP8 = {Proceedings of the 8th {ACM} Symposium on Operating Systems
    Principles}}
@STRING{ SOSP9 = {Proceedings of the 9th {ACM} Symposium on Operating Systems
    Principles}}
@STRING{ SOSP10 = {Proceedings of the 10th {ACM} Symposium on Operating Systems
    Principles}}
@STRING{ SOSP11 = {Proceedings of the 11th {ACM} Symposium on Operating
    Systems Principles}}
@STRING{ SOSP12 = {Proceedings of the 12th {ACM} Symposium on Operating
    Systems Principles}}
@STRING{ SOSP13 = {Proceedings of the 13th {ACM} Symposium on Operating
    Systems Principles}}
@STRING{ SOSP14 = {Proceedings of the 14th {ACM} Symposium on Operating
    Systems Principles}}
@STRING{ SOSP15 = {Proceedings of the 15th {ACM} Symposium on Operating
    Systems Principles}}
@STRING{ SOSP16 = {Proceedings of the 16th {ACM} Symposium on Operating
    Systems Principles}}

@STRING{ OOPSLA86 = {Proceedings of the {ACM} Conference on Object-Oriented
    Programming Systems, Languages and Applications}}
@STRING{ OOPSLA87 = {Proceedings of the Second {ACM} Conference on
    Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications}}
@STRING{ OOPSLA88 = {Proceedings of the Third {ACM} Conference on
    Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications}}

@STRING{ IWOOOS91 = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on
    Object Orientation in Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ IWOOOS92 = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on
    Object Orientation in Operating Systems}}

@STRING{ PPOPP90 = {Proceedings of the 1990 Conference on the
    Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming}}
@STRING{ PPOPP91 = {Proceedings of the 1991 Conference on the
    Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming}}
@STRING{ PPOPP93 = {Proceedings of the 1993 Conference on the
    Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming}}
@STRING{ PPOPP99 = {Proceedings of the 1999 Conference on the
    Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming}}

@STRING{ SRDS84 = {Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Reliable
        Distributed Systems}}
@STRING{ SRDS88 = {Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Reliable
        Distributed Systems}}
@STRING{ SRDS89 = {Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Reliable
        Distributed Systems}}
@STRING{ SRDS91 = {Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Reliable
        Distributed Systems}}
@STRING{ SRDS92 = {Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Reliable
        Distributed Systems}}

@STRING{ DCS85 = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on
    Distributed Computing Systems}}
@STRING{ DCS86 = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on
    Distributed Computing Systems}}
@STRING{ DCS87 = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on
    Distributed Computing Systems}}
@STRING{ DCS88 = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on
    Distributed Computing Systems}}
@STRING{ DCS89 = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on
    Distributed Computing Systems}}
@STRING{ DCS90 = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
    Distributed Computing Systems}}
@STRING{ DCS91 = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on
    Distributed Computing Systems}}
@STRING{ DCS92 = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
    Distributed Computing Systems}}
@STRING{ DCS93 = {Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on
    Distributed Computing Systems}}

@STRING{ PODC2 = {Proceedings of the 2nd Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}
@STRING{ PODC5 = {Proceedings of the 5th Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}
@STRING{ PODC7 = {Proceedings of the 7th Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}
@STRING{ PODC8 = {Proceedings of the 8th Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}
@STRING{ PODC9 = {Proceedings of the 9th Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}
@STRING{ PODC10 = {Proceedings of the 10th Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}
@STRING{ PODC11 = {Proceedings of the 11th Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}
@STRING{ PODC12 = {Proceedings of the 12th Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}
@STRING{ PODC13 = {Proceedings of the 13th Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}
@STRING{ PODC14 = {Proceedings of the 14th Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}
@STRING{ PODC15 = {Proceedings of the 15th Annual {ACM}
    Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}}

@STRING{ PDS5 = {Proceedings of the 5th {ACM} {SIGACT-SIGOPS} Symposium on
    Principles of Database Systems}}

@STRING{FOCS86 = {Proceedings of the 16th Annual IEEE Symposium on
    the Foundations of Computer Science}}

@STRING{ OSR = {{ACM} {SIGOPS} Operating Systems Review}}

@STRING{ PSDE = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGSOFT/SIGPLAN} Software
    Engineering Symposium on Practical Software Development
    Environments}}

@STRING{ FTCS15 = {Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium
    on Fault-Tolerant Computing}}
@STRING{ FTCS17 = {Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium
    on Fault-Tolerant Computing}}
@STRING{ FTCS18 = {Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium
    on Fault-Tolerant Computing}}
@STRING{ FTCS19 = {Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium
    on Fault-Tolerant Computing}}
@STRING{ FTCS20 = {Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium
    on Fault-Tolerant Computing}}
@STRING{ FTCS21 = {Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium
    on Fault-Tolerant Computing}}
@STRING{ FTCS22 = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium
    on Fault-Tolerant Computing}}

@STRING{ S-USENIX84 = {Proceedings of the 1984 Summer Usenix Conference}}
@STRING{ W-USENIX89 = {Proceedings of the 1989 Winter Usenix Conference}}
@STRING{ W-USENIX94 = {Proceedings of the 1994 Winter Usenix Conference}}

@STRING{ ISCA81 = {Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA82 = {Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA83 = {Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA84 = {Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA85 = {Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA86 = {Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA87 = {Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA88 = {Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA89 = {Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA90 = {Proceedings of the 17th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA91 = {Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA92 = {Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA93 = {Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA94 = {Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA95 = {Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA96 = {Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA97 = {Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA98 = {Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA99 = {Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA00 = {Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA01 = {Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA02 = {Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA03 = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA04 = {Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA05 = {Proceedings of the 32nd Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ ISCA06 = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual International Symposium
    on Computer Architecture}}

@STRING{ WDAG3 = {Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Distributed Algorithms}}

@STRING{ ASPLOS1 = {Proceedings of the 1th Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ ASPLOS2 = {Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ ASPLOS3 = {Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ ASPLOS4 = {Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ ASPLOS5 = {Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ ASPLOS6 = {Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ ASPLOS7 = {Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ ASPLOS8 = {Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ ASPLOS9 = {Proceedings of the 9th Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ ASPLOS10 = {Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ ASPLOS11 = {Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}}

@STRING{ MACH90 = {Proceedings of the Usenix Mach Workshop}}

@STRING{ SIGCOMM88 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '88 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM89 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '89 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM90 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '90 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM91 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '91 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM92 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '92 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM93 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '93 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM94 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '94 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM95 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '95 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM96 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '96 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM97 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '97 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM98 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '98 Symposium}}
@STRING{ SIGCOMM99 = {Proceedings of the Sigcomm '99 Symposium}}

@STRING{ ICS88 = {Proceedings of the 1988 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS89 = {Proceedings of the 1989 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS90 = {Proceedings of the 1990 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS91 = {Proceedings of the 1991 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS92 = {Proceedings of the 1992 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS93 = {Proceedings of the 1993 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS94 = {Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS95 = {Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS96 = {Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS97 = {Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS98 = {Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS99 = {Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS00 = {Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS01 = {Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS02 = {Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS03 = {Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS04 = {Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}
@STRING{ ICS05 = {Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on
    Supercomputing}}

@STRING{ SUPER88 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '88}}
@STRING{ SUPER89 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '89}}
@STRING{ SUPER90 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '90}}
@STRING{ SUPER91 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '91}}
@STRING{ SUPER92 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '92}}
@STRING{ SUPER93 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '93}}
@STRING{ SUPER94 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '94}}
@STRING{ SUPER95 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '95}}
@STRING{ SUPER96 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '96}}
@STRING{ SUPER97 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '97}}
@STRING{ SUPER98 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '98}}
@STRING{ SUPER99 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '99}}
@STRING{ SUPER00 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '00}}
@STRING{ SUPER01 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '01}}
@STRING{ SUPER02 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '02}}
@STRING{ SUPER03 = {Proceedings of Supercomputing '03}}

@STRING{ MICRO24 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO91 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO25 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 25th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO92 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 25th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO26 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO93 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO27 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 27th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO94 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 27th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO28 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 28th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO95 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 28th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO29 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 29th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO96 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 29th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO30 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 30th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO97 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 30th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO31 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 31st International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO98 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 31st International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO32 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 32nd International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO99 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 32nd International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO33 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 33rd International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO00 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 33rd International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO34 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 34th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO01 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 34th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO35 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 35th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO36 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 36th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO37 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 37th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}
@STRING{ MICRO38 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 38th International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{ MICRO02 = {Proceedings of IEEE/ACM 35nd International Symposium on
Microarchitecture}}

@STRING{VIS98 = {Proceedings of the Visualization '98 Conference}}

@STRING{SPAA00 = {Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Parallel Algorithms
    and Architectures}}
@STRING{ HPCA1 = {Proceedings of the First Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA2 = {Proceedings of the Second Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA96 = {Proceedings of the Second Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA3 = {Proceedings of the Third Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA97 = {Proceedings of the Third Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA4 = {Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA98 = {Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA5 = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA99 = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA6 = {Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA00 = {Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA7 = {Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA01 = {Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA02 = {Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA8 = {Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA03 = {Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA9 = {Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA04 = {Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA10 = {Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA05 = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA11 = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA06 = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}
@STRING{ HPCA12 = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Symposium on High
         Performance Computer Architecture}}

@STRING{ CGO03 = {Proceedings of the First Annual Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization}}

@STRING{ HOTOS-VI = {Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Hot Topics in
         Operating Systems}}
@STRING{ HOTOS97  = {Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Hot Topics in
         Operating Systems}}

@STRING{ ICCD97 = {Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on
       Computer Design}}

@STRING{ ICCD02 = {Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Conference on
       Computer Design}}

@STRING{ PLDI94 = {Proceedings of the 1994 ACM {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ PLDI93 = {Proceedings of the 1993 ACM {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ PLDI92 = {Proceedings of the 1992 ACM {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ PLDI91 = {Proceedings of the 1991 ACM {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ PLDI90 = {Proceedings of the 0990 ACM {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ PLDI98 = {Proceedings of the 1998 ACM {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ PLDI88 = {Proceedings of the 1888 ACM {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ PLDI99 = {Proceedings of the 1999 ACM {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ PLDI00 = {Proceedings of the 2000 ACM {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}
@STRING{ PLDI01 = {Proceedings of the 2001 ACM {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming
    Language Design and Implementation}}

@STRING{IPDPS00 = {Proceedings of the International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium }}
@STRING{IPDPS02 = {Proceedings of the International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium }}
@STRING{IPDPS03 = {Proceedings of the International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium }}
@STRING{IPDPS = {Proceedings of the International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium }}
@STRING{ VLDB99 = {Proceedings of the 25th VLDB Conference}}
@STRING{ WBT = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Binary Translation}}
@STRING{ IEEE-COMPCON = {Proceedings of IEEE Compcon} }

@STRING{DAC00 = {Proceedings of the 37th Conference on Design Automation}}
@STRING{DAC01 = {Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Design Automation}}
@STRING{DAC02 = {Proceedings of the 39th Conference on Design Automation}}


@STRING{ISLPED03 = {Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design}}

@STRING{HOTCHIPS00 = {Proceedings of the 12th HotChips Symposium on High Performance Chips}}



@BOOK{FTCS:pradhan,
  author = {Dhiraj K. Pradhan},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Fault-Tolerant Computer System Design}},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall}
}


@BOOK{Kahn67,
  author = {D. Kahn},
  year = 1967,
  title = {{The Codebreakers: The Story of Secret Writing}},
  publisher = {Macmillan Publishing Co.}
}

@MISC{EEMBC,
  title = {{Embedded Microprocessor Benchmarking Consortium}},
  howpublished = {http://www.eembc.org}
}

@MISC{SETI,
  title = {{SETI@Home --- the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence}},
  howpublished = {http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/}
}


@ARTICLE{Shannon48,
  author = {C. E. Shannon},
  year = 1948,
  title = {{A Mathematical Theory of Communication}},
  volume = {vol. 27},
  journal = {Bell System Tech. J.}
}

@BOOK{Abramson63,
  author = {Norman Abramson},
  year = 1963,
  title = {{Information Theory and Coding}},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill Book Company}
}

@ARTICLE{Tomasulo67,
  author = {R. M. Tomasulo},
  year = 1967,
  title = {{An Efficient Algorithm for Exploiting Multiple Arithmetic Units}},
  volume = {11:1},
  journal = {IBM Journal of Research and Development}
}

@ARTICLE{Blake77,
  author = {R. P. Blake},
  month = {May},
  year = 1977,
  title = {{Exploring a Stack Architecture}},
  journal = {IEEE Computer}
}

@CONFERENCE{HammerstromDavidson77,
  author = {D. W. Hammerstrom and E. S. Davidson},
  year = 1977,
  title = {{Information Content of CPU Memory Reference Behavior}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture}
}


@CONFERENCE{Sites79,
  author = {Richard L. Sites},
  year = 1979,
  title = {{How to Use 1000 Registers}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the CalTech Conference on VLSI}
}

@CONFERENCE{merkle80,
  author = {Ralph C. Merkle},
  year = 1980,
  pages = {122--134},
  title = {{Protocols for public key cryptography}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy}
}

@CONFERENCE{Kroft81,
  author = {David Kroft},
  year = 1981,
  title = {{Lockup-Free Instruction Fetch/Prefetch Cache Organization}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Symposium on Computer
              Architecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{Smith81,
  author = {James E. Smith},
  year = 1981,
  title = {{A Study of Branch Prediction Strategies}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Symposium on Computer
              Architecture}
}



@CONFERENCE{DitzelMcLellan82,
  author = {D. R. Ditzel and H. R. McLellan},
  year = 1982,
  title = {{Register Allocation for Free: The C Machine Stack Cache}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Architectural
              Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}
}

@CONFERENCE{RauGlaeser81,
  author = {B. R. Rau and C. D. Glaeser},
  year = 1981,
  month = {October},
  pages = {183--198},
  title = {{Some Scheduling Techniques And An Easily Schedulable Horizontal Architecture for High Performance Scientific Computing}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Symposium on Microarchitecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{Lampson82,
  author = {Butler W. Lampson},
  year = 1982,
  title = {{Fast Procedure Calls}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Architectural
              Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}
}

@ARTICLE{LiebermanHewitt83,
  author = {Henry Lieberman and Carl Hewitt},
  month = {June},
  year = 1983,
  title = {{A Real-Time Garbage Collector Based on the Lifetimes of Objects}},
  volume = {26(6)},
  journal = {Communications of ACM}
}

@CONFERENCE{BaerWang84,
  author = {Jean-Loup Bare and Wen-Hann Wang},
  year = 1984,
  title = {{Architectural Choices for Multi-Level Cache Hierarchies}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Parallel Processing}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Chapiro84,
   author = {D. M. Chapiro},
   title = {{Globally-Asynchronous and Locally-Synchronous Systems}},
   school = {Stanford University},
   address = {Department of Electrical Engineering},
   year = 1984
}

@CONFERENCE{EmerClark84,
  author = {Joel Emer and Doug Clark},
  year = 1984,
  title = {{A Characterization of Processor Performance in the VAX-11/780}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture}
}

@ARTICLE{Smith84,
  author = {James E. Smith},
  month = {November},
  year = 1984,
  title = {{Decoupled Access/Execute Computer Architectures}},
  journal = {ACM Transactions on Computer Systems}
}

@CONFERENCE{HasegawaShigei85,
  author = {Makoto Hasegawa and Yoshiharu Shigei},
  year = 1985,
  title = {{High-Speed Top-of-Stack Scheme for VLSI Processor: a Management Algorithm and Its Analysis}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture}
}

@ARTICLE{Patterson85,
  author = {David A. Patterson},
  month = {January},
  year = 1985,
  title = {{Reduced Instruction Set Computers}},
  volume = {28(1)},
  journal = {Communications of ACM}
}

@MISC{Ditzel86,
  author = {David R. Ditzel},
  year = 1986,
  title = {{Lookahead Stack Oriented Computer}},
  howpublished = {US Patent 4,587,632}
}

@CONFERENCE{HsuDavidson87,
  author = {Peter Y.-T. Hsu and Edward S. Davidson},
  year = 1986,
  title = {{Highly Concurrent Scalar Processing}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Symposium on Computer
            Architecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{AtkinsonMcCreight87,
  author = {Russel R. Atkinson and Edward M. McCreight},
  year = 1987,
  title = {{The Dragon Processor}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Architectural
              Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}
}

@ARTICLE{Berenbaumetal87,
  author = {A. D. Berenbaum and B. W. Colbry and D. R. Ditzel and R. D. Freeman and H. R. McLellan and K. J. O'Connor and M. Shoji},
  year = 1987,
  title = {{CRISP: A Pipelined 32-bit Microprocessor with 13-kbit of Cache Memory}},
  volume = {Vol. SC-22, No.5},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits}
}

@CONFERENCE{BerenbaumDitzelMcLellan87,
  author = {A. D. Berenbaum and D. R. Ditzel and H. R. McLellan},
  year = 1987,
  title = {{An Introduction to the CRISP Architecture}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Spring COMPCON}
}

@ARTICLE{SohiVajapeyam87,
  author = {Guri Sohi and Sriram Vajapeyam},
  year = 1987,
  title = {{Instruction Issue Logic for High-Performance Interruptable
          Pipelined Processors}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Symposium on Computer
            Architecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{StanleyWedig87,
  author = {Timothy J. Stanley and Robert G. Wedig},
  year = 1987,
  title = {{A Performance Analysis of Automatically Managed Top of Stack Buffers}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture}
}

@BOOK{AhoSethiUllman88,
  author = {Alfred V. Aho and Ravi Sethi and Jeffery D. Ullman},
  year = 1988,
  title = {{Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools}},
  publisher = {Addison Wesley}
}

@ARTICLE{Appel89,
  author = {Andrew W. Appel},
  month = {Feburary},
  year = 1989,
  title = {{Simple Generational Garbage Collection and Fast Allocation}},
  volume = {Vol. 19 No. 2},
  journal = {Software --- Practice and Experience}
}

@MISC{Myersetal89,
  author = {Glenford Myers and Konrad Lai and Michael Imel and Glenn Hinton and Robert Riches},
  year = 1989,
  title = {{Stack Frame Cache on a Microprocessor Chip}},
  howpublished = {US Patent 4,811,208}
}

@ARTICLE{GornishGranstonVeidenbaum90,
  author = {Edward H. Gornish and Elana D. Granston and Alexander V.
           Veidenbaum},
  year = 1990,
  title = {{Compiler-directed Data Prefetching in Multiprocessors with Memory
          Hierarchies}},
  journal = {Proceedings of 1990 International Conference on Supercomputing}
}

@BOOK{HennessyPatterson90,
  author = {John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach}},
  edition = {Second},
  publisher = {Morgan Kauffmann Publishers, Inc.}
}

@CONFERENCE{Jouppi90,
  author = {Norman P. Jouppi},
  year = 1990,
  title = {{Improving Direct-Mapped Cache Performance by the Addition of a Small Fully-Associative Cache and Prefetch Buffers}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th Annual International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture}
}

@ARTICLE{SakuraiNewton90,
  author = {T. Sakurai and A. R. Newton},
  month = {April},
  year = 1990,
  title = {{Alpha-power Law MOSFET Model and its Applications to CMOS Inverter Delay and Other Formulas}},
  volume = {Vol. 25},
  pages = {584--594},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits}
}

@BOOK{Tanenbaum90,
  author = {Andrew S. Tanenbaum},
  year = 1990,
  title = {{Structured Computer Organization}},
  edition = {Third},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall International Ltd.}
}

@CONFERENCE{Butleretal91,
 author = {Michael Butler and Tse-Yu Yeh and Yale Patt and Mitch Alsup and Hunter Scales and Michael Shebanow},
 title = {{Single Instruction Stream Parallelism is Greater than Two}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture},
  year = {1991}
}

@ARTICLE{CallahanKennedyPorterfield91,
  author = {David Callahan and Ken Kennedy and Allan Porterfield},
  year = 1991,
  title = {{Software Prefetching}},
  journal = {Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Architectural
            Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}
}

@CONFERENCE{Chiueh91,
  author = {Tzi-cker Chiueh},
  year = 1991,
  title = {{An Integrated Memory Management Scheme for Dynamic Alias Resolution}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Supercomputing 91}
}

@CONFERENCE{FarrensPleszkun91,
  author = {Matthew Farrens and Andrew R. Pleszkun},
  year = 1991,
  title = {{Overview of the PIPE Processor Implementation}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 24th Annual Hawaii International Conference on
              System Sciences}
}

@BOOK{Johnson97,
  author = {Mike Johnson},
  year = 1991,
  title = {{Superscalar Microprocessor Design}},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall International Ltd.}
}

@CONFERENCE{SohiFranklin91,
  author = {Gurindar Sohi and Manoj Franklin},
  year = 1991,
  title = {{High-Bandwidth Data Memory Systems for Superscalar Processors}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Architectural
              Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}
}

@CONFERENCE{YehPatt91,
  author = {Tse-Yu Yeh and Yale N. Patt},
  year = 1991,
  title = {{Two-Level Adaptive Training Branch Prediction}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture}
}

@ARTICLE{FuPatelJanssens92,
  author = {John W.C. Fu and Janak H. Patel and Bob L. Janssens},
  year = 1992,
  title = {{Stride Directed Prefetching in Scalar Processors}},
  journal = {Proceedings of 25th Annual International Symposium on
            Microarchitecture}
}


@conference{ChenBorgJouppi92,
AUTHOR = {J. B. Chen and A. Borg and N. P. Jouppi},
TITLE = {{A Simulation Based Study of TLB Performance}},
BOOKTITLE = {ISCA-19},
YEAR = {1992}
}

@BOOK{KaneHeinrich92,
  author = {Gerry Kane and Joe Heinrich},
  year = 1992,
  title = {{MIPS RISC Architecture}},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall International Ltd.}
}

@conference{LamWilson92,
AUTHOR = {Monica Lam and Robert Wilson},
TITLE = {{Limits of Control-Flow on Parallelism}},
BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture},
YEAR = {1992}
}

@ARTICLE{Mirapurietal92,
  author = {S. Mirapuri and M. Woodacre and N. Vasseghi},
  month = {April},
  year = 1992,
  title = {{The MIPS R4000 Processor}},
  journal = {IEEE Micro}
}

@ARTICLE{MowryLamGupta92,
  author = {Todd C. Mowry and Monica S. Lam and Anoop Gupta},
  year = 1992,
  title = {{Design and Evaluation of a Compiler Algorithm for Prefetching}},
  journal = {Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Architectural
            Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}
}

@ARTICLE{PanSoRahmeh92,
  author = {Shien-Tai Pan and Kimming So and Joseph T. Rahmeh},
  year = 1992,
  title = {{Improving the Accuracy of Dynamic Branch Prediction Using Branch Correlation}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Architectural
            Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}
}

@ARTICLE{Wen92,
  author = {Chih-Po Wen},
  year = 1992,
  title = {{Improving Instruction Supply Efficiency in Superscalar Architectures using Instruction Trace Buffers }},
  journal = {ACM Symposium on Applied Computing}
}

@ARTICLE{WilsonLamMoher92,
  author = {Paul R. Wilson and Michael S. Lam and Thomas G. Moher},
  year = 1992,
  title = {{Caching Considerations for Generational Garbage Collection}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 1992 ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming}
}

@CONFERENCE{Argadeetal93,
  author = {P.V. Argade and
              S. Aymeloglu and
            A.D. Berenbaum and
            M.V. DePaolis and
            R.T. Franzo and
            R.D. Freeman and
            D.A. Inglis and
            G. Komoriya and
            H. Lee and
            T.R. Little and
            G.A. MacDonald and
            H.R. McLellan and
            E.C. Morgan and
            H.Q. Pham and
            G.D. Ronkin},
  year = 1993,
  title = {{Hobbit: A High-Performance, Low-Power Microprocessor}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of COMPCON Spring}
}

@CONFERENCE{Abrahametal93,
  author = {Santosh G. Abraham and Rabin A. Sugumar and Daniel Windheiser and
           B. R. Rau and Rajiv Gupta},
  year = 1993,
  title = {{Predictability of Load/Store Instruction Latencies}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 26th Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{BarrettZorn93,
  author = {David A. Barrett and Benjamin G. Zorn},
  year = 1993,
  title = {{Using Lifetime Predictors to Improve Memory Allocation Performance}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation}
}

@ARTICLE{Calderetal93,
  author = {Brad Calder and Dirk Grunwald and Benjamin Zorn},
  year = 1993,
  title = {{Quantifying Behavioral Differences between C and C++ Programs}},
  volume = {Vol. 2, No. 4},
  journal = {Journal of Programming Languages}
}

@TECHREPORT{Jouppietal93,
  author = {Norman Jouppi and et al.},
  year = 1993,
  title = {{A 300-MHz 115-W 32-b Bipolar ECL Microprocessor}},
  number = {93.8},
month = {November},
  institution = {Compaq Western Research Lab}
}

@TECHREPORT{McFarling93,
  author = {Scott McFarling},
  year = 1993,
  title = {{Combining Branch Predictors}},
  number = {TN-36},
month = {June},
  institution = {Compaq Western Research Lab}
}

@BOOK{Stone93,
  author = {Harold S. Stone},
  year = 1993,
  title = {{High-Performance Computer Architecture}},
  edition = {Third},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishers}
}

@techreport{Wall93,
AUTHOR = {David W. Wall},
TITLE = {{Limits of Instruction-Level Parallelism}},
INSTITUTION = {Compaq Western Research Lab},
NUMBER = {93.6},
YEAR = {1993}
}

@BOOK{Watt93,
  author = {Alan Watt},
  year = 1993,
  title = {{3D Computer Graphics}},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishers}
}

@CONFERENCE{Bechade94,
  author = {Roland Bechade and et al.},
  year = 1994,
  title = {{A 32b 66MHz 1.8W Microprocessor}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Solid-State Circuits Conference}
}


@CONFERENCE{BoydAzeemLee94,
  author = {Eric L. Boyd and Waqar Azeem and Hsien-Hsin Lee and Tien-Pao Shih and Shih-Hao Hung and Edward S. Davidson},
  year = 1994,
  title = {{A Hierarchical Approach to Modeling and Improving the Performance of Scientific Applications on the KSR1}},
  pages = {188--192},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Parallel
              Processing}
}

@BOOK{WesteEshraghian93,
  author = {Neil H. E. Weste and Kamran Eshraghian},
  year = 1993,
  title = {{Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System Perspective}},
  edition = {Second},
  publisher = {Addison Wesley}
}

@CONFERENCE{Rau94,
  author = {B. R. Rau},
  year = 1994,
  month = {December},
  title = {{Iterative Modulo Scheduling: An Algorithm for Software Pipelining Loops}},
  pages = {63--74},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Microarchitecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{ShihDavidson94,
  author = {Tien-Pao Shih and Edward S. Davidson},
  year = 1994,
  title = {{Grouping Array Layouts to Reduce Communication and Improve Locality of Parallel Program}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems}
}

@TECHREPORT{SrivastavaEustace94,
  author = {Amitabh Srivastava and Alan Eustace},
  year = 1994,
  title = {{ATOM: A System for Building Customized Program Analysis Tools}},
  number = {TN-41},
  institution = {Compaq Western Research Lab}
}

@BOOK{Sparc94,
  author = {David L. Weaver and Tom Germond},
  year = 1994,
  title = {{The SPARC Architecture Manual}},
  publisher = {SPARC International, Inc.}
}

@TECHREPORT{WiltonJouppi94,
  author = {Steven J.E. Wilton and Norman P. Jouppi},
  year = 1994,
  title = {{An Enhanced Access and Cycle Time Model for On-Chip Caches}},
  number = {93/5},
  month = {July},
  institution = {Compaq Western Research Laboratory}
}

@MISC{PelegWeiser95,
  author = {Alexander Peleg and Uri Weiser},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Dynamic Flow Instruction Cache Memory Organized around Trace Segments Independent of Virtual Address Line}},
  howpublished = {US Patent 5,381,533}
}

@ARTICLE{LebeckWood95,
  author = {Alvin R. Lebeck and David A. Wood},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Dynamic Self-Invalidation: Reducing Coherence Overhead in Shared-Memory Multiprocessors}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Symposium on Computer
            Architecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{AustinSohi95,
  author = {Todd M. Austin and Guri S. Sohi},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Zero-cycle Loads: Microarchitecture Support for Reducing Load Latency}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{AustinPnevmatikatosSohi95,
  author = {Todd M. Austin and Dionisios M. Pnevmatikatos and Guri S. Sohi},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Streamlining Data Cache Access with Fast Address Calculation}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture}
}

@TECHREPORT{BoydAbandahLeeDavidson95,
  author = {Eric Boyd and Gheith Abandah and Hsien-Hsin Lee and Edward Davidson},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Modelling Computation and Communication Performance of Parallel Scientific Applications: A Case Study of the IBM SP2}},
  number = {CSE-TR-236-95},
month = {May},
  institution = {University of Michigan}
}

@ARTICLE{ChandrakasanBrodersen95,
  author = {Anantha P. Chandrakasan and Robert W. Brodersen},
  month = {April},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Minimizing Power Consumption in Digital CMOS Circuits}},
  volume = {Vol. 83 No. 4},
  journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE}
}

@ARTICLE{ChenBaer95,
  author = {Tien-Fu Chen and Jean-Loup Baer},
  month = {May},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Effective Hardware-Based Data Prefetching for High-Performance
          Processors}},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers}
}

@ARTICLE{DiwanTarditiMoss95,
  author = {Amer Diwan and David Tarditi and Eliot Moss},
  month = {August},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Memory System Performance of Programs with Intensive Heap Allocation}},
  volume = {Vol. 13 No. 3},
  journal = {ACM Transactions on Computer Systems}
}

@ARTICLE{EvansFranzon95,
  author = {Robert J. Evans and Paul D. Franzon},
  month = {May},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Energy Consumption Modeling and Optimization for SRAM's}},
  volume = {Vol. 30. No. 5.},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits}
}


@TECHREPORT{FarkasJouppiChow95,
  author = {Keith I. Farkas and Norman P. Jouppi and Paul Chow},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Register File Design Considerations in Dynamically Scheduled
          Processors}},
  number = {95/10},
  institution = {Compaq Corporation}
}

@CONFERENCE{GonzalezAliagasValero95,
  author = {Antonio Gonzalez and Carlos Aliagas and Mateo Valero},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{A Data Cache With Multiple Caching Strategies Tuned to Different Types of Locality}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Supercomputing}
}

@ARTICLE{ItohSasakiNakagome95,
  author = {Kiyoo Itoh and Katsuro Sasaki and Yoshinobu Nakagome},
  month = {April},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Trends in Low-Power RAM Circuit Technologies}},
  volume = {Vol. 83. No. 4.},
  journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE}
}

@CONFERENCE{JanssenCorporaal95,
  author = {Johan Jenssen and Henk Corporaal},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Partitioned Register File for TTAs}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture}
}

@TECHREPORT{LeeDavidson95a,
  author = {Hsien-Hsin Lee and Edward S. Davidson},
  year = 1995,
  month = {August},
  title = {{Automatic Generation of Performance Bounds on the KSR1}},
  number = {CSE-TR-256-95},
  institution = {University of Michigan}
}

@TECHREPORT{LeeDavidson95b,
  author = {Hsien-Hsin Lee and Edward S. Davidson},
  year = 1995,
  month = {September},
  title = {{Automatic Parallel Program Conversion from Shared-Memory to Message-Passing}},
  number = {CSE-TR-263-95},
  institution = {University of Michigan}
}


@ARTICLE{SegarsClarkeGoudge95,
  author = {Simon Segars and Keith Clarke and Liam Goudge},
  month = {October},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Embedded Control Problems, Thumb and the ARM7TDMI}},
  journal = {IEEE Micro}
}

@BOOK{AlhpaAXP95,
  author = {Richard L. Sites},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Alpha AXP Architecture Reference Manual}},
  publisher = {Digital Press}
}

@CONFERENCE{SuDespain95a,
  author = {C.-L. Su and A. M. Despain},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Cache Designs for Energy Efficiency}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th Hawaii International Conference on System Science}
}

@CONFERENCE{SuDespain95,
  author = {C.-L. Su and A. M. Despain},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Cache Design Trade-off for Power and Performance Optimization: A Case Study}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low Power Design}
}


@MISC{Spec95,
  author = {Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{SPEC CPU95 Benchmarks}},
  howpublished = {http://www.specbench.org/osg/cpu95/}
}



@CONFERENCE{TullsenEggersLevy95,
  author = {Dean M. Tullsen and Susan J. Eggers and Henry M. Levy},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{Simultaneous Multithreading: Maximizing On-Chip Parallelism}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{TysonFarrensetal95,
  author = {Gary Tyson and Matthew Farrens and John Matthews and Andrew R.
           Pleszkun},
  year = 1995,
  title = {{A Modified Approach to data Cache Management}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 28th Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture}

}

@BOOK{Bhandarkar96,
  author = {Dileep P. Bhandarkar},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Alpha Implementations and Architecture: Complete Reference and Guide}},
  publisher = {Digital Press}
}

@ARTICLE{GonzalezHorowitz96,
  author = {R. Gonzales and M. Horowitz},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Energy Dissipation In General Purpose Microprocessors}},
  volume = {Vol. 31, No. 9},
  journal = {IEEE JSSC}
}

@ARTICLE{Gwennap96,
  author = {Linley Gwennap},
  month = {October},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Digital 21264 Sets New Standard}},
  volume = {Vol. 10, No. 14},
  journal = {Microprocessor Report}
}

@MISC{Intel96b,
  author = {Intel Corporation},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Pentium Pro Family Developer's Manual, volume 2: Programmer's Reference
          Manual}},
  howpublished = {Intel Literature Centers}
}

@MISC{Intel96,
  author = {Intel Corporation},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Pentium Pro Family Developer's Manual, volume 3: Operating System
          Writer's Manual}},
  howpublished = {Intel Literature Centers}
}

@MISC{Intel06-softdelv3,
  author = {Intel Corporation},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual}},
  howpublished = {Vol. 3A: System Programming Guide, Part 1. Order number: 253668-020US. Intel Literature Centers}
}

@MISC{AMD05,
  author = {},
  year = 2005,
  title = {{Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. AMD64 Technology: AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual. Volume 2: System Programming}},
  howpublished = {Publication No. 24593, Rev 3.11}
}

@CONFERENCE{LipastiShen96,
  author = {Mikko H. Lipasti and John P. Shen},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Exceeding the Data-Flow Limit Via Value Prediction}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Microarchitecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{LipastiWilkersonShen96,
  author = {Mikko H. Lipasti and Chris B. Wilkerson and John P. Shen},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Value locality and local value prediction}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architectural
              Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}
}

@ARTICLE{Montanaroetal96,
  author = {J. Montanaro and et al.},
  month = {November},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{A 160-MHz, 32-b, 0.5-W CMOS RISC Microprocessor}},
  volume = {Vol.9 No.1},
  journal = {Digital Technical Journal}
}

@CONFERENCE{RiversDavidson96,
  author = {Jude A. Rivers and Edward S. Davidson},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Reducing Conflicts in Direct-mapped Caches with a Temporality-based
          Design}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Parallel
              Processing}
}

@CONFERENCE{RotenbergBennettSmith96,
  author = {Eric Rotenberg and Steve Bennett and James E. Smith},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{Trace Cache: A Low Latency Approach to High Bandwidth Instruction Fetching}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Microarchitecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{WallaceBagherzadeh96,
  author = {Steven Wallace and Nader Bagherzadeh},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{A Scalable Register File Architecture for Dynamically Scheduled Processors}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compiler Techniques}
}

@ARTICLE{Yeager96,
  author = {Kenneth C. Yeager},
  month = {April},
  year = 1996,
  title = {{The MIPS R10000 Superscalar Microprocessor}},
  journal = {IEEE Micro}
}

@TECHREPORT{BurgerAustin97,
  author = {Doug C. Burger and Todd M. Austin},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{The SimpleScalar Tool Set, Version 2.0}},
  number = 1342,
  institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison}
}

@ARTICLE{BurgerGoodmanKagi97,
  author = {Doug Burger and James Goodman and Alain Kagi},
  month = {November/December},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Limited Bandwidth to Affect Processor Design}},
  journal = {IEEE Micro}
}

@CONFERENCE{ChangHaoPatt97,
  author = {Po-Yung Chang and Eric Hao and Yale Patt},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Target Prediction for Indirect Jumps}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture}
}


@CONFERENCE{GlassCao97,
  author = {Gideon Glass and Pei Cao},
  year = 1997,
  pages = {115--126},
  month = {May},
  title = {{Adaptive Page Replacement Based on Memory Reference Behavior}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems}
}


@CONFERENCE{Lefurgyetal97,
  author = {Charles Lefurgy and Peter Bird and I-Cheng Chen and Trevor Mudge},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Improving Code Density Using Compression Techniques}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture}
}



@CONFERENCE{Juanetal97,
  author = {T. Juan and T. Lang and J. J. Navarro},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Reducing TLB Power Requirements}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design}
}

@CONFERENCE{JohnsonHwu97,
  author = {Teresa L. Johnson and Wen-Mei W. Hwu},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Run-Time Adaptive Cache Hierarchy Management via Reference Analysis}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{JohnsonMertenHwu97,
  author = {Teresa L. Johnson and Matthew C. Merten and Wen-Mei Hwu},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Run-Time Spatial Locality Detection and Optimization}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{LeePotkonjakMangione-Smith97,
  author = {Chunho Lee and Miodrag Potkonjak and William H. Mangione-Smith},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{MediaBench: A Tool for Evaluating Multimedia and Communications Systems}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Microarchitecture}
}

@BOOK{Rabaey97,
  author = {Jan M. Rabaey},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective}},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall International Ltd.}
}

@CONFERENCE{Riversetal97,
  author = {Jude A. Rivers and Gary S. Tyson and Edward S. Davidson and Todd M. Austin},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{On High-Bandwidth Data Cache Design for Multi-Issue Processors}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Symposium on Microarchitecture}
}

@ARTICLE{SanthanamGornishHsu97,
  author = {Vatsa Santhanam and Edward Gornish and Wei-Chung Hsu},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Data Prefetching on the HP PA-8000}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Symposium on Computer
            Architecture}
}

@BOOK{Shanley97,
  author = {Tom Shanley},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Pentium Pro Processor System Architecture}},
  publisher = {MindShare Inc}
}

@CONFERENCE{SkadronClark97,
  author = {Kevin Skadron and Douglas W. Clark},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Design Issues and Tradeoffs for Write Buffers}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3th International Symposium on High Performance
              Computer Architecture}
}

@ARTICLE{StiliadisVarma97,
  author = {Dimitrios Stiliadis and Anujan Varma},
  month = {May},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Selective Victim Caching: A Method to Improve the Performance of Direct-Mapped Caches}},
  volume = {Vol. 46, No. 5},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Tyson97,
  author = {Gary Scott Tyson},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Evaluation of a Scalable Decoupled Microprocessor Design}},
  school = {University of California at Davis}
}

@CONFERENCE{TysonAustin97,
  author = {Gary Tyson and Todd Austin},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{Improving the Accuracy and Performance of Memory Communication
          Through Renaming}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture}
}

@BOOK{Wooetal97,
  author = {Mason Woo and Jackie Neider and Tom Davis},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{OpenGL Programming Guide}},
  edition = {second},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Developers Press}
}



@MISC{AGP98,
  author = {Jim Chu and Frank Hady},
  year = 1998,
  title = {{Maximizing AGP Performance}},
  howpublished = {http://www.agpforum.org/downloads/guide21.pdf}
}

@BOOK{Appel98,
  author = {Andrew W. Appel},
  year = 1998,
  title = {{Modern Compiler Implementation in Java}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@ARTICLE{Frenkil98,
  author = {Jerry Frenkil},
  month = {Feburary},
  year = 1998,
  title = {{A Multi-level Approach to Low-power IC Design}},
  journal = {IEEE Spectrum}
}


@CONFERENCE{Calderetal98,
  author = {Brad Calder and Chandra Krintz and Simmi John and Todd Austin},
  year = 1998,
  title = {{Cache-Conscious Data Placement}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Architectural
              Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}
}


@MISC{CombsRakvic98,
  author = {Jonathan Combs and Ryan Rakvic},
  year = 1998,
  title = {{Context Switch Related Cache Impact on Modern Superscalar Microprocessors}},
  institution = {Carnegie Mellon University},
  howpublished = {http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ee742/proj\_s98/combs/}
}

@ARTICLE{GabbayMendelson98,
  author = {Freddy Gabbay and Avi Mendelson},
  month = {August},
  year = 1998,
  title = {{Using Value Prediction to Increase the Power of Speculative Execution Hardware}},
  volume = {Vol. 16, No. 3},
  journal = {ACM Transactions on Computer Systems}
}

@CONFERENCE{Jourdanetal98,
  author = {S. Jourdan and R. Ronen and M. Bekerman and B. Shomar and A. Yoaz},
  year = 1998,
  title = {{A Novel Renaming Scheme to Exploit Value Temporal Locality through Physical Register Reuse and Unification}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture}
}

@ARTICLE{Peir98,
  author = {Jih-Kwon Peir and Yongjoon Lee and Windsor W. Hsu},
  year = 1998,
  pages = {240--250},
  title = {{Capturing Dynamic Memory Reference Behavior}},
  journal = {Proceedings Of The 8th International Conference On Architectural Support For Programming Languages And Operating Systems}
}


@conference{Postiffetal98,
AUTHOR = {Matthew Postiff and David Greene and Gary Tyson and Trevor Mudge},
TITLE = {{The Limits of Instruction Level Parallelism in SPEC95 Applications}},
BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Interaction between Compilers and Computer Architectures},
YEAR = {1998}
}

@ARTICLE{TurleyMIPS98,
  author = {Jim Turley},
  month = {August},
  year = 1998,
  title = {{MIPS RM7000 Emerges From QED}},
  volume = {Vol. 12, No. 10},
  journal = {Microprocessor Report}
}

@MISC{Xbench98,
  author = {Simplescalar Tool set},
  year = 1998,
  title = {{X benchmark suite}},
  howpublished = {http://www.cs.wisc.edu/$\sim$austin /simple/xbenchmarks.tar.gz}
}

@CONFERENCE{ZyubanKogge00,
  author = {V. Zhuban and P. Kogge},
  year = 1998,
  title = {{The Energy Complexity of Register Files}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1998 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design}
}

@CONFERENCE{Albonesi99,
  author = {David H. Albonesi},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Selective Cache Ways: On-Demand Cache Resource Allocation}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Microarchitecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{BellasHajjPolychronopoulos99,
  author = {Nikolaos Bellas and Ibrahim Hajj and Constantine Polychronopoulos},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Using Dynamic Cache Management Techniques to Reduce Energy in a High-Performance Processor}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1999 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design}
}

@CONFERENCE{ChilimbiHillLarus99,
  author = {Trishul M. Chilimbi and Mark D. Hill and James R. Larus},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Cache-Conscious Structure Layout}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '99 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation}
}

@CONFERENCE{ChoYewLee99a,
  author = {Sangyeun Cho and Pen-Chung Yew and Gyungho Lee},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Decoupling Local Variables Accesses in a Wide-Issue Superscalar Processors}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Computer Architecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{ChoYewLee99b,
  author = {Sangyeun Cho and Pen-Chung Yew and Gyungho Lee},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Access Region Locality for High-Bandwidth Processor Memory System Design}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Microarchitecture}
}

@ARTICLE{DiefendorffIBM99,
  author = {Keith Diefendorff},
  month = {October},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Power4 Focuses on Memory Bandwidth}},
  volume = {Vol. 13, No. 13},
  journal = {Microprocessor Report}
}

@ARTICLE{DiefendorffPPC99,
  author = {Keith Diefendorff},
  month = {October},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{PowerPC G4 Gains Velocity}},
  volume = {Vol. 13, No. 14},
  journal = {Microprocessor Report}
}

@ARTICLE{Diefendorff99,
  author = {Keith Diefendorff},
  month = {December},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Compaq Chooses SMT for Alpha: Simultaneous Multithreading Exploits Instruction and Thread-Level Parallelism}},
  volume = {Vol. 13, No. 16},
  journal = {Microprocessor Report}
}


@CONFERENCE{GhoseKamble99,
  author = {K. Ghose and M. B. Kamble},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Reducing Power in Superscalar Processor Caches using Subbanking, Multiple Line Buffers and Bit-Line Segmentation}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of International Symposium on Low-Power Electronics and Design}
}

@ARTICLE{GwennapMerced99,
  author = {Linley Gwennap},
  month = {October},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Merced Shows Innovative Design}},
  volume = {Vol. 13, No. 13},
  journal = {Microprocessor Report}
}

@MANUAL{intelrng99,
  organization =  {Intel Corporation},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{Intel Random Number Generator}},
  note = {http://www.intel.com/design /security/ rng/techbrief.pdf}
}

@MISC{IntelIA6499,
  author = {Intel Corporation},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{IA-64 Application Developer's Architecture Guide}},
  number = {order#:245188-001},
  howpublished = {Intel Literature Centers}
}

@MISC{Intel99opt,
  author = {Intel Corporation},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Intel Architecture Optimization Reference Manual}},
  howpublished = {http://developer.intel.com/design/pentiumii/manuals/245127.htm}
}

@ARTICLE{Kessler99,
  author = {Richard E. Kessler},
  month = {March/April},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{The ALPHA 21264 Microprocessor}},
  journal = {IEEE Micro}
}

@CONFERENCE{LeeWuTyson00,
  author = {Hsien-Hsin Lee and Youfeng Wu and Gary Tyson},
  year = 2000,
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  pages = {21--27},
  title = {{Quantifying Instruction-Level Parallelism Limits on an EPIC Architecture}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS-2000)}
}

@MISC{Pollack99,
  author = {Fred Pollack},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{New Microarchitecture Challenges in the Coming Generations of CMOS Process Technologies.}},
  howpublished = {http://www.intel.com/research/mrl/library/micro32keynote.pdf (MICRO-32 Keynote Speech)},
  institution = {MICRO-32 Keynote Speech}
}

@MISC{Rambus99,
  author = {Rambus Corporation},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Direct Rambus Memory Controller (RMC.dl) Data Sheet}},
  howpublished = {http://www.rambus.com/docs/RMC.d1.0036.00.8.pdf}
}

@MISC{SLDRAM,
  author = {SLDRAM Inc.},
  howpublished = {http://www.sldram.com}
}

@MISC{RambusOverview99,
  author = {Rambus Corporation},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Rambus Technology Overview}},
  howpublished = {http://www.rambus.com/developer/downloads/TechOV.pdf}
}

@MISC{CACTI,
  author = {N. Jouppi},
  year = 2009,
  title = {{CACTI 5.3}},
  howpublished = {http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/cacti/},
}

@MISC{Srinivasan99,
  author = {Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan},
  year = 1999,
  title = {Personal Communications}
}

@ARTICLE{Zagackietal99,
  author = {Paul Zagacki and Deep Buch and Emile Hsieh and Daniel Melaku and
           Vladimir Pentkovski and Hsien-Hsin Lee},
  month = {Q2},
  year = 1999,
  title = {{Architecture of a 3D Software Stack for Peak Pentium III Processor
          Performance}},
  journal = {Intel Technology Journal}
}

@ARTICLE{Bekermanetal2000,
  author = {Michael Bekerman and Adi Yoaz and Freddy Gabbay and Stephan
           Jourdan and Maxim Kalaev and Ronny Ronen},
  year = 2000,
  title = {{Early Load Address Resolution Via Register Tracking}},
  month = {June},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Computer
              Architecture}
}

@ARTICLE{BrooksTiwariMartonosi00,
  author = {David Brooks and Vivek Tiwari and Margaret Martonosi},
  year = 2000,
  month = {June},
  pages = {83--94},
  title = {{Wattch: A Framework for Architectural-Level Power Analysis and Optimizations}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Computer
              Architecture}
}


@MANUAL{IntelStrongARM00,
  organization = {Intel Corporation},
  year = 2000,
  month = {June},
  title = {{Intel StrongARM SA-1110 Microprocessor Developer's Manual}},
  note = {http://developer.intel.com/design/strong/manuals/278240.htm}
}

@CONFERENCE{HallnorReinhardt00,
  author = {Erik G. Hallnor and Steven K. Reinhardt},
  year = 2000,
  month = {June},
  title = {{A Fully Associative Software-Managed Cache Design}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Computer Architecture}
}

@ARTICLE{Henning00,
  author = {J. L. Henning},
  month = {July},
  year = 2000,
  title = {{SPEC CPU2000: Measuring CPU Performance in the New Millennium}},
  journal = {IEEE Micro}
}

@ARTICLE{KinGuptaMagione-Smith00,
  author = {Johnson Kin and Munish Gupta and William H. Mangione-Smith},
  year = 2000,
  title = {{Filtering Memory References to Increase Energy Efficiency}},
  volume = {Vol. 49, No. 1},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers}
}

@CONFERENCE{LaiFalsafi00,
AUTHOR = {An-Chow Lai and Babak Falsafi},
TITLE = {{Selective, Accurate and Timely Self-Invalidation Using Last-Touch Prediction}},
BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
YEAR = 2000
}


@CONFERENCE{LeeTyson00,
  author = {Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Gary S. Tyson},
  title = {{Region-Based Caching: An Energy-Delay Efficient Memory Architecture for Embedded Processors}},
  year = 2000,
  address = {San Jose, California},
  pages = {120--127},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Compilers, Architectures, Synthesis on Embedded Systems (CASES-00)}
}

@CONFERENCE{LeeTysonFarrens00,
  author = {Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Gary S. Tyson and Matthew K. Farrens},
  year = 2000,
  month = {December},
  pages = {11--21},
  title = {{Eager Writeback --- A Technique for Improving Bandwidth Utilization}},
  address = {Monterey, California},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 33rd Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture (MICRO-33)}
}

@CONFERENCE{LepakLipasti00,
  author = {Kevin M. Lepak and Mikko H. Lipasti},
  year = 2000,
  month = {December},
  title = {{Silent Stores for Free}},
  address = {Monterey, California},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 33rd Annual International Symposium on
              Microarchitecture (MICRO-33)}
}

@CONFERENCE{Lieetal00,
  author = {David Lie and Chandramohan Thekkath and Mark Mitchell and Patrick Lincoln and Dan Boneh and John Mitchell and Mark Horowitz},
  year = 2000,
  pages = {169--177},
  month = {November},
  title = {{Architectural Support For Copy and Tamper Resistant Software}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference On Architectural Support For Programming Languages And Operating Systems (ASPLOS-IX)}
}


@ARTICLE{Ramanetal2000,
  author = {Srinivas K. Raman and Vladimir Pentkovski and Jagannath Keshava},
  month = {July-August},
  year = 2000,
  title = {{Implementing Streaming SIMD Extensions on the Pentium III Processor}},
  journal = {IEEE Micro}
}

@CONFERENCE{Powelletal00,
  author = {Mike D. Powell and Se-Hyun Yang and Babak Falsafi and Kaushik Roy and T. N. Vijaykumar},
  year = 2000,
  title = {{Gated-Vdd: A Circuit Technique to Reduce Leakage in Deep-Submicron Cache Memories}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design}
}

@conference{Guthausetal01,
  AUTHOR = {M. R. Guthaus and J. S. Ringenberg and D. Ernst and T. M. Austin and T. Mudge and R. B. Brown},
  TITLE = {{MiBench: A Free, Commercially Representative Embedded Benchmark Suite}},
  BOOKTITLE = {IEEE 4th Workshop on Workload Characterization},
  YEAR = {2001}
}



@CONFERENCE{Huangetal01,
  author = {M. Huang and J. Renau and S.-M. Yoo and J. Torrellas},
  year = 2001,
  title = {{Cache Decomposition for Energy-Efficient Processors}},
  booktitle = {ISLPED'01}
}

@ARTICLE{Hintonetal01,
  author = {Glenn Hinton and Dave Sager and Mike Upton and Darrel Boggs and Doug Carmean and Alan Kyker and Patrice Roussel},
  month = {Q1},
  year = 2001,
  title = {{The Microarchitecture of the Pentium 4 Processor}},
  journal = {Intel Technology Journal}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Lee01,
   author = {Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee},
   title = {{Improving Energy and Performance of Data Cacge Architectures by Exploiting Memory Reference Characteristics}},
   school = {University of Michigan},
   howpublished = {CSE-TR-443-01},
   address = {Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science},
   month = {August},
   year = 2001
}

@ARTICLE{LeeTysonFarrens01,
  author = {Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Gary S. Tyson and Matthew K. Farrens},
  year = 2001,
  title = {{Improving Bandwidth Utilization using Eager Writeback}},
  month = {October},
  volume = {Vol. 3},
  journal = {Journal of Instruction Level Parallelism}
}

@MISC{LeePentHsieh01,
  author = {Hsien-Hsin Lee and Vladimir Pentkovski and Hsien-Cheng Hsieh},
  year = 2001,
  title = {{Pipelined Processing of Short Data Streams using Data Prefetching}},
  howpublished = {US Patent No. 6,223,276}
}

@MISC{PentHsiehLeeSub01,
  author = {Vladimir Pentkovski and Hsien-Cheng Hsieh and Hsien-Hsin Lee and Maiyuran Subramanium},
  year = 2001,
  title = {{Efficient Utilization of Write-Combining Buffers}},
  howpublished = {US Patent No. 6,356,270}
}

@MISC{PentBuchDwyerLeeHsieh01,
  author = {Vladimir Pentkovski and Deep Buch and Michael Dwyer and Hsien-Hsin Lee and Hsien-Cheng Hsieh},
  year = 2001,
  title = {{Processing Polygon Meshes using Mesh Pool Window}},
  howpublished = {US Patent No. 6,369,813}
}


@MISC{Palanca03,
  author = {Salvador Palanca and Niranjan Cooray and Angad Narang and Vladimir Pentkovski and Steve Tsai and Subramaniam Maiyuran and Jagannath Keshava and Hsien-Hsin Lee and Steve Spangler and Suresh Kuttuva and Praveen Mosur},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{Method and Apparatus for Prefetching Data into Cache}},
  howpublished = {US Patent No. 6,643,745}
}




@CONFERENCE{LeeSmelyanskiyNewburnTyson01,
  author = {Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Mikhail Smelyanskiy and Chris J. Newburn and Gary S. Tyson},
  title = {{Stack Value File: Custom Microarchitecture for the Stack}},
  year = 2001,
  address = {Monterrey, Mexico},
  pages = {5--14},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA-7)}
}

@CONFERENCE{KaxirasHuMartonosi01,
  author = {Stefanos Kaxiras and Zhigang Hu and Margaret Martonosi},
  year = 2001,
  title = {{Cache Decay: Exploiting Generational Behavior to Reduce Leakage Power}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on
              Computer Architecture}
}

@MANUAL{nistaes02,
  organization =  {National Institute of Standards And Technology},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{AES Home Page}},
  note = {http://csrc.nist.gov /CryptoToolkit/aes/}
}



@MANUAL{nistshs02,
  organization =  {National Institute of Standards And Technology},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{FIPS 180-2, Secure Hash Standard (SHS)}},
  note = {http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-2/fips180-2.pdf}
}

@CONFERENCE{Agarwal02,
  author = {Amit Agarwal and Hai Li and Kaushik Roy},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{DRG-Cache: A Data Retention Gated-Ground Cache for Low Power}},
  month = {June},
  address = {New Orleans, Louisiana},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th Design Automation Conference}
}


@ARTICLE{Choietal02,
  author = {J.-H. Choi and J.-H. Lee and S.-W. Jeong and S.-D. Kim and C. Weems},
  year = 2002,
  month = {January},
  title = {{A Low power TLB structure for Embedded Systems}},
  journal = {IEEE Computer TCCA Letter}
}

@CONFERENCE{Collins02,
  author = {J. Collins and S. Sair and B. Calder and D. Tullsen},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{Pointer Cache Assisted Prefetching}},
  booktitle = {MICRO-35}
}


@CONFERENCE{Dropsho02,
  author = {Steve Dropsho and Alper Buyuktosunoglu and Rajeev Balasubramonian and David H. Albonesi and Sandhya Dwarkadas and Greg Semeraro and Grigorios Magklis and Michael L. Scott},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{Integrating Adaptive On-Chip Storage Structures for reduced Dynamic Power}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compiler Techniques}
}

@ARTICLE{AshokChhedaMoritz02,
  author = {R. Ashok and S. Chheda and C. A. Moritz},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{Cool-Mem: Combining Statically Speculative Memory Accessing with Selective Address Translation for Energy Efficiency}},
  journal = {ASPLOS-X}
}

@ARTICLE{Cookseyetal02,
  author = {R. Cooksey and S. Jourdan and D. Grunwald},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{A Stateless, Content-Directed Data Prefetching Mechanism}},
  journal = {ASPLOS-X}
}

@CONFERENCE{HuneycuttFrymanMackenzie02,
  author = {Chad M. Huneycutt and Joshua B. Fryman and Kenneth M. Mackenzie},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{Software Caching using Dynamic Binary Rewriting for Embedded Devices}},
  pages = {621--630},
  address = {Vancouver, B.C., Canada},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Parallel Processing}
}

@CONFERENCE{Kadayifetal02,
  author = {I. Kadayif and A. Sivasubramaniam and M. Kandemir and G. Kandiraju and G. Chen},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{Generating Physical Addresses Directly for Saving Instruction TLB Energy}},
  booktitle = {MICRO-35}
}

@CONFERENCE{Semeraro02,
  author = {G. Semeraro and G. Magklis and R. Balasubramonian and D. H. Albonesi and S. Dwarkadas and M.L. Scott},
  title = {{Energy Efficient Processor Design Using Multiple Clock Domains with Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling}},
  year = 2002,
  month = {Februray},
  pages = {29--40},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture}
}

@MISC{simple02,
  author = {Todd M. Austin},
  title = {{Simplescalar 4.0 Release Note}},
  howpublished = {http://www.simplescalar.com/}
}

@CONFERENCE{Wang02,
  author = {Zhenlin Wang and Kathryn S. McKinley and Arnold L. Rosenberg and Charles C. Weems},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{Using the Compiler to Improve Cache Replacement Decisions}},
  month = {September},
  address = {Charlottesville, Virginia},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}
}


@CONFERENCE{Gassendetal03,
  author = {B. Gassend and G.E. Suh and D. Clarke and M. van Dijk and S. Devadas},
  title = {{Caches And Merkle Trees For Efficient Memory Integrity Verification}},
  year = 2003,
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{Kuoetal02,
  author = {H. Kuo and I. Verbauwhede and P. Schaumont},
  title = {{A 2.29 Gb/s, 56mW Non-Pipelined Rijndael AES Encryption IC in a 1.8 V, 0.18um CMOS Technology}},
  year = 2002,
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference}
}

@CONFERENCE{KimMudge03,
  author = {Nam Sung Kim and Trevor Mudge and Richard Brown},
  title = {{An 2.3Gb/s Fully Integrated and Synthesizable AES Rijndael Core}},
  year = 2003,
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference}
}

@CONFERENCE{LeeBallapuram03,
  author = {Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Chinnakrishnan S. Ballapuram},
  year = 2003,
  month = {August},
  address = {Seoul, Korea},
  title = {{Energy Efficient D-TLB and Data Cache using Semantic-Aware Multilateral Partitioning}},
  booktitle = {ISPLED'03: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design},
  pages = {306-311}
}


@CONFERENCE{balla:islped05,
  author = {Chinnakrishnan S. Ballapuram and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Milos Prvulovic},
  year = 2005,
  address = {San Diego, CA},
  title = {{Synonymous Address Compaction for Energy Reduction in Data TLB}},
  booktitle = {ISPLED'05: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design},
  pages = {357--362}
}

@conference{LeeFrymanDirilDhillon03,
AUTHOR = {Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Joshua B. Fryman and A. Utku Diril and Yuvraj S. Dhillon},
TITLE = {{The Elusive Metric for Low-Power Architecture Research}},
BOOKTITLE = {Workshop on Complexity-Effective Design in conjunction with the 30th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Computer Architecture (WCED-03)},
YEAR = {2003},
month = {June},
address = {San Diego, California}
}

@inproceedings{dhillon:iccad03,
 author = {Yuvraj Singh Dhillon and Abdulkadir Utku Diril and Abhijit Chatterjee and Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee},
 title = {{Algorithm for Achieving Minimum Energy Consumption in CMOS Circuits Using Multiple Supply and Threshold Voltages at the Module Level}},
 booktitle = {ICCAD '03: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design},
 year = {2003},
 pages = {693--700},
 }

@CONFERENCE{Skadronetal03,
  author = {Kevin Skadron and Mircea R. Stan and Wei Huang and Sivakumar Velusamy and Karthik Sankaranarayanan and David Tarjan},
  year = 2003,
  month = {June},
  address = {San Diego, California},
  title = {{Temperature-Aware Microarchitecture}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Computer Architecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{SuLin03,
  author = {Chih-Pin Su and Tsung-Fu Lin and Chih-Tsun Huang and Cheng-Wen Wu},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{A Highly Efficient AES Cipher Chip}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Asia South Pacific --- Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC 2003)}
}

@CONFERENCE{SuhClarke03,
  author = {G. Edward Suh and Dwaine Clarke and Blaise Gassend and Marten van Dijk and Srinivas Devadas},
  year = 2003,
  month = {June},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  title = {{AEGIS: Architecture for Tamper-Evident and Tamper-Resistant Processing}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Supercomputing}
}


@ARTICLE{LeeNewburn0x,
  author = {Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Chris J. Newburn and Mikhail Smelyanskiy and Gary S. Tyson},
  title = {{Optimizing Memory Subsystem Designs by Exploring Region Reference Characteristics}},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computer. To appear.}
}

@ARTICLE{Balasubramonian03,
  author = {Rajeev Balasubramonian and David H. Albonesi and Alper Buyuktosunoglu and Sandya Dwarkadas},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{A Dynamically Tunable Memory Hierarchy}},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers}
}


@CONFERENCE{DhillonDirilChatLee03,
  author = {Yuvraj S. Dhillon and Abdulkadir U. Diril and Abhijit Chatterjee and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{An Algorithm for Achieving Minimum Energy Consumption in CMOS Circuits Using Multiple Supply and Threshold Voltages at the Module Level}},
  month = {November},
  address = {San Jose, California},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD-2003)}
}

@TECHREPORT{Ekpan03,
  author = {Mongkol Ekpanyapong and Pinar Korkmaz and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{Choice Predictor for Free}},
  number = {GIT-CERCS-03-03},
  institution = {Georgia Institute of Technology}
}

@TECHREPORT{FrymanLeeetal03,
  author = {Joshua B. Fryman and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Chad M. Huneycutt and Nalia F. Farooqui and Kenneth M. Mackenzie and David E. Schimmel},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{SoftCache: A technique for Power and Area Reduction in Embedded Systems}},
  number = {GIT-CERCS-03-06},
  institution = {Georgia Institute of Technology}
}


@ARTICLE{Frymanmicro03,
  author = {Joshua B. Fryman and Chad Huneycutt and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Kenneth M. Mackenzie and David E. Schimmel},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{Energy-Efficient Network Memory for Ubiquitous Devices}},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5},
  pages = {60-70},
  month = {September/October},
  journal = {IEEE Micro special issue on Power Complexity Aware Design}

}


@TECHREPORT{FrymanHuneyLeeetal03,
  author = {Joshua B. Fryman and Chad M. Huneycutt and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Kenneth M. Mackenzie and David E. Schimmel},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{Energy Efficient Network Memory for Ubiquitous Devices}},
  number = {GIT-CERCS-03-05},
  institution = {Georgia Institute of Technology}
}

@CONFERENCE{WangLeeChen03,
  author = {Ting-Yuan Wang and Yu-Min Lee and and Charlie Chung-Ping Chen},
  year = 2003,
  address = {Monterey, California},
  month = {April},
  title = {{3D Thermal-ADI: An Efficient Chip-Level Transient Thermal Simulator}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Physical Design}
}

@CONFERENCE{Zhang03,
  author = {Chuanjun Zhang and Frank Vahid and Walid Najjar},
  year = 2003,
  month = {June},
  title = {{A Highly Configurable Cache Architecture for Embedded Systems}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Computer Architecture}
}

@CONFERENCE{ZhuangLee03,
  author = {Xiaotong Zhuang and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{A Hardware Based Cache Pollution Filtering Mechanism for Aggressive Prefetches}},
  month = {October},
  address = {Kaohsiung, Taiwan},
  pages = {286-293},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP-03)}
}


@inproceedings{Kocher96,
author = {P.C. Kocher},
title = {{Timing Attacks on Implementations of Diffie-Hellman, RSA, DSS and Others systems}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1996},
year = 1996
}

@inproceedings{Kocher99,
author = {P.C. Kocher and J. Jaffe and B., Jun},
title = {{Differential Power Analysis}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1999},
year = 1999
}

@inproceedings{Agrawal02,
author = {D, Agrawal and B. Archambeault and J. R. Rao and P. Rohatgi},
title = {{The EM Side Channels}},
booktitle = {In Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems Conference (CHES'02)},
year = 2002
}

@TECHREPORT{collberg97,
  author = {Christian Collberg and Clark Thomborson and Douglas Low},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{A Taxonomy of Obfuscating Transformations}},
  number = {TR-148},
  institution = {University of Auckland}
}

@inproceedings{fuku03,
author = {Kazuhide Fukushima and Kouichi Sakurai},
title = {{A Software Fingerprinting Scheme for Java Using Classfiles Obfuscation}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Security Applications},
year = 2003
}

@inproceedings{barak01,
 author = {Boaz Barak and Oded Goldreich and Russell Impagliazzo and Steven Rudich and Amit Sahai and Salil P. Vadhan and Ke Yang},
 title = {{On the (Im)possibility of Obfuscating Programs}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology},
 year = {2001},
 pages = {1--18},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 }

@PHDTHESIS{cwang00,
   author = {Chenxi Wang},
   title = {{A Security Architecture for Survivability Mechanism}},
   school = {University of Virginia},
   address = {Department of Computer Science},
   year = 2000
}

@inproceedings{suhdate04,
 author = {Taeweon Suh and Douglas M. Blough and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {Supporting Cache Coherence in Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Systems},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition Volume II (DATE'04)},
 year = {2004},
 isbn = {0-7695-2085-5-2},
 pages = {21150},
 publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
 }

@ARTICLE{suhmicro04,
  author = {Taeweon Suh and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Douglas M. Blough},
  year = 2004,
  title = {{Integrating Cache Coherence Protocols for Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Systems, Part I}},
  journal = {IEEE Micro special issue on Embedded Systems: Architecture, Design and Tools}, 
  pages = {33-41},
  month = {July/August}
}

@ARTICLE{suhmicro04-2,
  author = {Taeweon Suh and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Douglas M. Blough},
  year = 2004,
  title = {{Integrating Cache Coherence Protocols for Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Systems, Part II}},
  journal = {IEEE Micro},
  pages = {70-78}, 
  month = {September/October}
}

@CONFERENCE{suh:dac05,
  author = {Taeweon Suh and Daehyun Kim and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2005,
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Design Automation Conference (DAC-42)},
  month = {June},
  pages = {553-558},
  title = {{Cache Coherence Support for Non-Shared Bus Architecture on Heterogeneous MP SoCs}}
}


@CONFERENCE{suh:warfp05,
  author = {Taeweon Suh and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Sally A. McKee and Martin Schulz},
  year = 2005,
  month = {February},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Architecture Research using FPGA Platforms in conjunction with International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (WARFP-05)},
  title = {{Evaluating System-wide Monitoring Capsule Design Using Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA}}
}

@CONFERENCE{suh:warfp06,
  author = {Taeweon Suh and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Shih-Lien Lu and John Shen},
  month = {February},
  year = 2006,
  booktitle = {Workshop on Architecture Research using FPGA Platforms in conjunction with International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (WARFP-06)},
  title = {{Initial Observations of Hardware/Software Co-Simulation using FPGA in Architecture Research}}
}

@CONFERENCE{clark:warfp05,
  author = {Christopher R. Clark and Ripal Nathuji and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  month = {February},
  year = 2005,
  booktitle = {Workshop on Architecture Research using FPGA Platforms in conjunction with International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (WARFP-05)},
  title = {{Using an FPGA as a Prototyping Platform for Multi-core Processor Applications}}
}


@CONFERENCE{shipact04,
  author = {Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Mrinmoy Ghosh and Chenghuai Lu},
  year = 2004,
  title = {{Architectural Support for High Speed Protection of Memory Integrity and Confidentiality in Symmetric Multiprocessor Systems}},
  month = {September},
  pages = {123-134},
  booktitle = {PACT'04: Proceedings of International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}
}

@article{shi:can05,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Chenghuai Lu and Mrinmoy Ghosh},
 title = {{Towards the issues in architectural support for protection of software execution}},
 journal = {SIGARCH Computer Architecture News},
 volume = {33},
 number = {1},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {6--15},
 }

@inproceedings{shi:isca05,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Mrinmoy Ghosh and Chenghuai Lu and Alexandra Boldyreva},
 title = {{High Efficiency Counter Mode Security Architecture via Prediction and Precomputation}},
 booktitle = {ISCA '05: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {14--24},
 }


@inproceedings{shi:isca06,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Laura Falk and Mrinmoy Ghosh},
 title = {{An Integrated Framework for Dependable and Revivable Architecture Using Multicore Processors}},
 booktitle = {ISCA '06: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
 year = {2006},
 pages = {102-113},
 }

@inproceedings{shi:icac05,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Guofei Gu and Mrinmoy Ghosh and Laura Falk and Trevor N. Mudge},
 title = {{Intrusion Tolerant and Self-Recoverable Network Service System Using Security Enhanced Chip Multiprocessors}},
 booktitle = {ICAC '05: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Autonomic Computing},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {263-273},
 }


@inproceedings{shi:drm04,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Chenghuai Lu and Tao Zhang},
 title = {{Attacks and Risk Analysis for Hardware Supported Software Copy Protection Systems}},
 booktitle = {DRM '04: Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Digital Rights Management},
 year = {2004},
 pages = {54--62},
 }

@inproceedings{shi:hipeac05,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Chenghuai Lu and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {{Memory-centric Security Architecture}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {153--168},
 }


@CONFERENCE{zhuangcases04,
  author = {Xiaotong Zhuang and Tao Zhang and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Santosh Pande},
  title = {{Hardware Assisted Control Flow Obfuscation for Embedded Processors}},
  year = 2004,
  address = {Washington D.C.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Compilers, Architectures, Synthesis on Embedded Systems (CASES-04)}

}

@TECHREPORT{zhuangtr03,
  author = {Xiaotong Zhuang and Tao Zhang and Santosh Pande and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{HIDE: Hardware-support for Leakage-Immune Dynamic Execution}},
  number = {GIT-CERCS-03-21},
  institution = {Georgia Institute of Technology}
}

@inproceedings{hide:asplos04,
    author    = "Xiaotong Zhuang and Tao Zhang and Santosh Pande",
    title     = {{HIDE: An Infrastructure for Efficiently Protecting Information Leakage
                on the Address Bus}},
    booktitle = "the 11th International Conference on Architectural Support for
                Programming Languages and Operating Systems",
    pages     = "72-84",
    year      = "2004",
    url       = "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1037187.1024403"}


@CONFERENCE{mongkoldac04,
  author = {Mongkol Ekpanyapong and Jacob R. Minz and Thaisiri Waterwai and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Sung Kyu Lim},
  year = 2004,
  title = {{Profile-Guided Microarchitectural Floorplanning for Deep Submicron Processor Design}},
  month = {June},
  pages = {634--639},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Design Automation Conference (DAC-41)}
}

@CONFERENCE{ghoshsocc04,
  author = {Mrinmoy Ghosh and Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2004,
  title = {{CoolPression --- A Hybrid Significance Compression Technique for Reducing Energy in Caches}},
  month = {September},
  pages = {399--402},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference}
}

@CONFERENCE{ghosh:arcs06,
  author = {Mrinmoy Ghosh and Emre Ozer and Stuart Biles and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{Efficient System-on-Chip energy Management with a Segmented Bloom Filter}},
  month = {March},
  pages = {283--297},
  booktitle = {ARCS '06: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems}
}


@CONFERENCE{mongkolacsac04,
  author = {Mongkol Ekpanyapong and Pinar Korkmaz and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2004,
  title = {{Choice Predictor for Free}},
  month = {September},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Asia-Pacific Computer System Architecture Conference},
  pages = {399-413}
}

@CONFERENCE{Yang03,
author = {Jun Yang and Youtao Zhang and Lan Gao},
year = {2003},
title = {{Fast Secure Processor for Inhibiting Software Piracy and Tampering}},
booktitle = MICRO36
}


@CONFERENCE{SuhClarke04,
author = {G. Edward Suh and Dwaine Clarke and Blaise Gassend and Marten van Dijk and Srini Devadas},
year = {2003},
month = {December},
title = {{Efficient Memory Integrity Verification and Encryption for Secure Processors}},
booktitle = MICRO36
}


@CONFERENCE{ArbaughFarber97,
  author = {W. A. Arbaugh and D. J. Farber and J. M. Smith},
  year = 1997,
  title = {{A Secure and Reliable Bootstrap Architecture}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy}
}

@CONFERENCE{mishacgo03,
  author = {Mikhail Smelyanskiy and Scott A. Mahlke and Edward S. Davidson and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2003,
  pages = {169-178},
  title = {{Predicate-Aware Scheduling : A Technique for Reducing Resource Constraints}},
  booktitle = CGO03
}

@inproceedings{brookshpca01,
 author = {David Brooks and Margaret Martonosi},
 title = {{Dynamic Thermal Management for High-Performance Microprocessors}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA'01)},
 year = {2001},
 }

@inproceedings{huangmicro33,
 author = {Michael Huang and Jose Renau and Seung-Moon Yoo and Josep Torrellas},
 title = {{A Framework for Dynamic Energy Efficiency and Temperature Management}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture},
 year = {2000},
 pages = {202--213}
}

@inproceedings{sriniisca04,
 author = {Jayanth Srinivasan and Sarita V. Adve and Pradip Bose and Jude A. Rivers},
 title = {{The Case for Lifetime Reliability-Aware Microprocessors}},
 booktitle = ISCA04,
 year = {2004}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{Sekar2003,
AUTHOR = {R.Sekar and V.N.Venkatakrishnan and S.Basu and S.Bhatkar and D.C.DuVarney},
TITLE={{Model-Carrying Code: A Practical Approach for Safe Execution of untrusted Applications}},
BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Symposium on Operating System Principles},
YEAR = {2003},
PAGES = { },
ORGANIZATION = {},
PUBLISHER = {},
ADDRESS = { },
OFNOTE = {},
ANNOTE = {}     }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Grossman2002,
AUTHOR = {D. Grossman and G. Morrisett and T. Jim and  M. Hicks and Y. Wang and J. Cheney},
TITLE={{Region-Based Memory Management in Cyclone}},
BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Programming Languages Design and Implementation},
YEAR = 2002,
PAGES = { },
ORGANIZATION = {},
PUBLISHER = {},
ADDRESS = { },
OFNOTE = {},
ANNOTE = {}     }


@article{hydra2,
 author = {W. Wulf and E. Cohen and W. Corwin and A. Jones and R. Levin and C. Pierson and F. Pollack},
 title = {HYDRA: the kernel of a multiprocessor operating system},
 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
 volume = {17},
 number = {6},
 year = {1974},
 issn = {0001-0782},
 pages = {337--345}
 }


@inproceedings{Hydra,
 AUTHOR = {Ellis Cohen and David Jefferson},
 TITLE = {{Protection in the Hydra Operating System}},
 BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the fifth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles},
 YEAR = {1975},
 PAGES = {141--160},
 LOCATION = {Austin, Texas, United States},
 PUBLISHER = {ACM Press},
 }
@article{859502,
 author = {J. L. Keedy},
 title = {A technique for passing reference parameters in an information-hiding architecture},
 journal = {SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News},
 volume = {7},
 number = {9},
 year = {1979},
 issn = {0163-5964},
 pages = {11--15},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/859500.859502},
 publisher = {ACM Press},
 }
 %
@inproceedings{CAP,
 AUTHOR = {R. M. Needham and R. D.H. Walker},
 TITLE = {{The Cambridge CAP computer and its protection system}},
 BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the sixth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles},
 YEAR = {1977},
 PAGES = {1--10},
 LOCATION = {West Lafayette, Indiana, United States},
 PUBLISHER = {ACM Press},
 }

@MISC{lawton,
    AUTHOR = {{K. Lawton}},
        TITLE = {{Bochs x86 PC Emulation Project}},
    HOWPUBLISHED = {{http://bochs.sourceforge.net/}}
}

@CONFERENCE{vlaovic+:iccd02,
    TITLE = {{TAXI: Trace Analysis for X86 Interpretation}},
    AUTHOR = {Stevan Vlaovic and Edward S. Davidson},
    BOOKTITLE = ICCD02,
    YEAR = 2002
}

@ARTICLE{pai+:archnews97,
        AUTHOR  = {V.S. Pai and P. Ranganathan and S.V. Adve},
        TITLE   = {{RSIM Reference Manual, version 1.0}},
        JOURNAL = {IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture
                        Newsletter},
        MONTH = {Fall},
        YEAR = 1997
}

@CONFERENCE{splash2,
        AUTHOR  = {Steven Cameron Woo and Moriyoshi Ohara and Evan Torrie and Jaswinder Pal Singh and Anoop Gupta},
        TITLE   = {{The SPLASH-2 Programs: Characterization and Methodological Considerations}},
        BOOKTITLE = ISCA95,
        MONTH = {June},
        YEAR = 1995
}

@TECHREPORT{ursim,
  author = {Lixin Zhang},
  year = 2000,
  title = {{URSIM Reference Manual version 1.0}},
  number = {UUCS-00-015},
  month = {August},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Utah}
}

@ARTICLE{impulsetoc01,
        AUTHOR  = {L. Zhang and Z. Fang and M. Parker and B.K. Mathew and L. Schaelicke and J.B. Carter and W.C. Hsieh and S.A. McKee},
        TITLE   = {{The Impulse Memory Controller}},
        JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Computers, Special Issue on Advances in High Performance Memory Systems},
        MONTH = {November},
        pages = {1117-1132},
        YEAR = 2001
}

@MISC{tcg,
  title = {{The Trusted Computing Group}},
  howpublished = {https://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org}
}

@MISC{ngscb,
  author = {Microsoft Corporation},
  title = {{Next-Generation Secure Computing Base}},
  howpublished = {http://www.microsoft.com/resources/ngscb/default.mspx}
}

@CONFERENCE{terrasosp03,
  author = {Tal Garfinkel and Ben Pfaff and Jim Chow and Mendel Rosenblum and Dan Boneh},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{Terra: A Virtual Machine-Based Platform for Trusted Computing}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Operating System Principles}
}

@ARTICLE{england03,
  author = {Paul England and Butler Lampson and John Manferdelli and Marcus Penado and Bryan Willman},
  month = {July},
  year = 2003,
  title = {{A Trusted Open Platform}},
  pages = {55-62},
  journal = {IEEE Computer}
}
http://www.intel.com/technology/security/

@MISC{intelLT,
  author = {Intel Corporation},
  title = {{LaGrande Technology (LT) for Safer Computing}},
  howpublished = {http://www.intel.com/technology/security}
}

@ARTICLE{andrew2002,
AUTHOR = { A. Huang },
TITLE = {{Keeping Secrets in Hardware the Microsoft XBOX Case Study}},
JOURNAL = { MIT AI Memo },
YEAR = { 2002 },
VOLUME = { },
PAGES = {  },
ANNOTE = {}     
}

@CONFERENCE{xomos,
        AUTHOR  = {David Lie and Chandramohan Thekkath and Mark Horowitz},
        TITLE   = {{Implementing an Untrusted Operating System on Trusted Hardware}},
        BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles},
        YEAR = 2003
}


@ARTICLE{austinjilp00,
  author = {Todd Austin},
  year = 2000,
  title = {{DIVA: A Dynamic Approach to Microprocessor Verification}},
  month = {May},
  journal = {Journal of Instruction Level Parallelism}
}

@inproceedings{chatterjeemicro33,
 author = {Saugata Chatterjee and Chris Weaver and Todd Austin},
 title = {{Efficient Checker Processor Design}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture},
 year = {2000},
 month = {December}
}

@ARTICLE{watchdog,
  AUTHOR  = {A. Mahmood and E. J. McCluskey},
        TITLE   = {{Concurrent Error Detection using Watchdog Processor --- A Survey}},
        JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
        MONTH = {February},
        pages = {160-174},
        volume = {37},
        number = {2},
        YEAR = 1988
}

@MISC{DLXLinux,
  author = {},
  title = {{DLX Distribution Homepage}},
  howpublished = {http://www.wu-wien.ac.at/usr/h93/h9301726/dlx.html}
}

@ARTICLE{nios2,
  author = {Tom R. Halfhill},
  month = {June},
  year = 2004,
  title = {{Altera's New CPU for FPGAs: Nios II Soft Processor Core Offers Alternative to Custom Silicon}},
  volume = {18},
  number = {6},
  journal = {Microprocessor Report}
}

@ARTICLE{simplescalar:computer02,
  author = {Todd Austin and Eric Larson and Dan Ernst},
  year = 2002,
  title = {{SimpleScalar: An Infrastructure for Computer System Modelling}},
  journal = {IEEE Computer}
}

@article{hotspot,
 author = {Kevin Skadron and Mircea R. Stan and Karthik Sankaranarayanan and Wei Huang and Sivakumar Velusamy and David Tarjan}, title = {{Temperature-aware Microarchitecture: Modeling and Implementation}},
 journal = {ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization},
 volume = {1},
 number = {1},
 year = {2004},
 issn = {1544-3566},
 pages = {94--125},
 }

@inproceedings{dhodapkar:micro36,
 author = {Ashutosh S. Dhodapkar and James E. Smith},
 title = {{Comparing Program Phase Detection Techniques}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 36th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture},
 year = {2003},
 }

@inproceedings{dhodapkar:isca29,
 author = {Ashutosh S. Dhodapkar and James E. Smith},
 title = {{Managing Multi-configuration Hardware via Dynamic Working Set Analysis}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
 year = {2002},
 pages = {233--244},
 location = {Anchorage, Alaska},
 }

@inproceedings{sherwood:isca03,
 author = {Timothy Sherwood and Suleyman Sair and Brad Calder},
 title = {{Phase Tracking and Prediction}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
 year = {2003},
 pages = {336--349},
 location = {San Diego, California},
 }

@inproceedings{martin:can05,
 author = {Milo M.K. Martin and Daniel J. Sorin and Bradford M. Beckmann and Michael R. Marty and Min Xu and Alaa R. Alameldeen and Kevin E. Moore and Mark D. Hill and David A. Wood},
 title = {{Multifacet's General Execution-driven Multiprocessor Simulator (GEMS) Toolset}},
 booktitle = {Computer Architecture News},
 year = {2005},
 }

@inproceedings{fayez:pac2,
 author = {Fayez Mohamood and Mrinmoy Ghosh and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {{DLL-Conscious Instruction Fetch Optimization for SMT Processors}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of  the 2nd Watson Conference on Interaction between Architecture, Circuits, and Compilers},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {143-152}
 }


@inproceedings{schulz:cf05,
 author = {Martin Schulz and Brian S. White and Sally A. McKee and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Jurgen Jeitner},
 title = {{Owl: Next Generation System Monitoring}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Computing Frontier 2005},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {116-124}
 }

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/iwia/LevineGO04,
  author    = {John G. Levine and
               Julian B. Grizzard and
               Henry L. Owen},
  title     = {A Methodology to Detect and Characterize Kernel Level Rootkit
               Exploits Involving Redirection of the System Call Table.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Information Assurance Workshop (IWIA'04)},
  year      = {2004},
  pages     = {107-115},
}

@ARTICLE{sucKIT,
AUTHOR = {Sd and Devik},
TITLE = {{Linux On-the-fly Kernel Patching without LKM}},
JOURNAL = { http://www.phrack.org },
YEAR = {2002},
VOLUME = {issue 58},
PAGES = {  },
ANNOTE = {}
}

@proceedings{DBLP:conf/esorics/2004,
  editor    = {Pierangela Samarati and
               Dieter Gollmann and
               Refik Molva},
  title     = {Computer Security - ESORICS 2004, 9th European Symposium
               on Research Computer Security, Sophia Antipolis, France,
               September 13-15, 2004, Proceedings},
  booktitle = {ESORICS},
  publisher = {Springer},
  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume    = {3193},
  year      = {2004},
  isbn      = {3-540-22987-6},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@MISC{openbios,
 AUTHOR = {openbios},
 HOWPUBLISHED= {http://www.openbios.info/},
 title = {},
 booktitle = {},
 year = {},
 pages = {},
 publisher = {},
 }

@inproceedings{Agnew2003,
  title = {{Flexibility in ROM: A Stackable Open Source BIOS}},
  author = {Adam Agnew and Adam Sulmicki and Ronald Minnich and William Arbaugh},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Freenix Track: 2003 Usenix Annual Technical Conference},
  year = {2003},
  month = {June},
  address = {{San Antonio}, {TX}, {USA}},
  www_section = {default},
}

@ARTICLE{samhain03,
AUTHOR = {Samhain Labs},
TITLE = {Loadable Kernel Module Rootkits},
JOURNAL = { http://la-samha.de/library/lkm.html },
YEAR = {July, 2002},
VOLUME = { },
PAGES = {  },
ANNOTE = {}     }

@BOOK{ser-book,
  author = {Shubu Mukherjee},
  year = 2008,
  title = {{Architecture Design for Soft Errors}},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science and Technology Books}
}      


@BOOK{rootkitbook,
  author = {Greg Hoglund and Jamie Butler},
  year = 2005,
  title = {{Rootkits: Subverting the Windows Kernel}},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley}
}

@ARTICLE{aleph:96,
AUTHOR = {{Aleph One}},
JOURNAL = {Phrack},
KEYWORDS = {code-injection attack},
MONTH = {November},
NUMBER = {49},
TITLE = {{Smashing the Stack for Fun and Profit}},
URL = {<http://www.phrack.org/phrack/49/P49-14>},
VOLUME = {7},
YEAR = {1996}
}

@InProceedings{baker04,
title = {{Beyond Stack Smashing: Recent Advances in Exploiting Buffer Overruns }},
author = {Jonathan Pincus and Brandon Baker},
booktitle = "IEEE Security and Privacy, 2(4)",
pages = "20-27",
month = "",
year = "2004",
address = "", }

@ARTICLE{Scut01,
AUTHOR = {Scut},
TITLE = {Exploiting Format String Vulnerabilities},
JOURNAL = {  },
YEAR = {2001},
VOLUME = { },
PAGES = {  },
ANNOTE = {}     }

@MISC{mitre,
AUTHOR = {MITRE},
TITLE = {Common vulnerabilities and exposures},
HOWPUBLISHED = {http://cve.mitre.org/},
ANNOTE = {}     }
%

@CONFERENCE{gao:pact06,
  author = {Lan Gao and Jun Yang and Marek Crobak and Youtao Zhang and San Nguyen and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{A Low-Cost Memory Remapping Scheme for Address Bus Protection}},
  month = {September},
  booktitle = {PACT'06: To appear in Proceedings of International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques}
}

@ARTICLE{chkrootkit,
AUTHOR = {Chkrootkit},
TITLE = {http://www.chkrootkit.org/},
JOURNAL = { },
YEAR = {},
VOLUME = { },
PAGES = {  },
ANNOTE = {}     }

@ARTICLE{kernchk,
AUTHOR = {Kerncheck},
TITLE = {http://la-samhna.de/library/kern\_check.c},
JOURNAL = { },
YEAR = {},
VOLUME = { },
PAGES = {  },
ANNOTE = {}     }

@ARTICLE{kad,
AUTHOR = {Kad(pseudo)},
TITLE = {Handling interrupt descriptor table for fun and profit},
JOURNAL = { http://www.phrack.org },
YEAR = { 2002 },
VOLUME = { issue 59},
PAGES = {  },
ANNOTE = {}     }
%

@ARTICLE{lu:jpdc06,
  author = {Chenghuai Lu and Tao Zhang and Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{M-TREE: A High Efficiency Security Architecture for Protecting Integrity and Privacy of Software}},
  journal = {To appear in Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing for a special issue on Security in Grid and Distributed Systems}
}

@inproceedings{shi:hpca06,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Joshua B. Fryman and Guofei Gu and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Youtao Zhang and Jun Yang},
 title = {{InfoShield: A Security Architecture for Protecting Information Usage in Memory}},
 booktitle = {HPCA-12: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture},
 year = {2006},
 pages = {225-234}
 }

@article{shi:hipeacT,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Chenghuai Lu and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {{Memory-centric Security Architecture}},
 journal = {To appear in Transactions on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers (invited paper)},
 }



@ARTICLE{zhuang:toc,
        AUTHOR  = {Xiaotong Zhuang and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
        TITLE   = {{Reducing Cache Pollution via Dynamic Data Prefetch Filtering}},
        JOURNAL = {To appear in IEEE Transactions on Computers},
}

@inproceedings{r:p391,
author = {Michael Healy and Mario Vittes and Mongkol Ekpanyapong and Chinnakrishnan Ballapuram and
Sung Kyu Lim and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Gabriel H. Loh},
title = {Microarchitectural Floorplanning Under Performance and Temperature Tradeoff},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference},
year=2006
}

@article{healy:tcad,
author = {Michael Healy and Mario Vittes and Mongkol Ekpanyapong and Chinnakrishnan Ballapuram and Sung Kyu Lim and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Gabriel H. Loh},
title = {{Multi-Objective Microarchitectural Floorplanning For 2D and 3D ICs}},
journal = {To appear in IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems}
}


@ARTICLE{ek:tcad06,
  author = {Mongkol Ekpanyapong and Jacob Minz and Thaisiri Watewai and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Sung Kyu Lim},
  month = {Julu},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{Profile-Guided Microarchitectural Floorplanning for Deep Submicron Processor Design}},
  volume = {25},
  number = 7,
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{kirian:02,
AUTHOR = {V. Kiriansky and D. Bruening and S. Amarasinghe},
BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Security Symposium},
MONTH = {August},
TITLE = {{Secure Execution Via Program Shepherding}},
YEAR = {2002}
}

@inproceedings{68191,
 author = {M. E. Staknis},
 title = {{Sheaved Memory: Architectural Support for State Saving and Restoration in Pages Systems}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating System},
 year = {1989},
}
@inproceedings{dira05,
 author = {Alexey Smirnov and Tzi-cker Chiueh},
 title = { {DIRA: Automatic Detection, Identification, and Repair of Control-Hijacking Attack}},
 booktitle = {The 12th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium },
 year = {2005},
 isbn = {},
 pages = {},
 location = {},
 doi = {},
 publisher = {},
 }
@inproceedings{stelios2005usenix,
 title = {{Building a Reactive Immune System for Software Services}},
 author = "Stelios Sidiroglou and Michael E. Locasto and Stephen W. Boyd and Angelos D. Keromytis",
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference",
 pages={149--161},
 month = "April", year = "2005" }
 
@techreport{Stelios04,
    author        = {Stelios Sidiroglou and Michael E. Locasto and Stephen W. Boyd and Angelos D. Keromytis},
    title         = {{Building a Reactive Immune System for Software Services }},
    institution   = {Columbia University},
    year          = {2004},
    type          = {Report},
    number        = {CUCS-038-04},
    address       = {Newyork, NY},
    month         = {},
    note          = {}
}


@article{146954,
 author = {Nicholas S. Bowen and Dhiraj K. Pradhan},
 title = {{Virtual Checkpoints: Architecture and Performance}},
 journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
 volume = {41},
 number = {5},
 year = {1992},
 pages = {516--525},
}

@techreport{898770,
 author = {James S. Plank and Micah Beck and Gerry Kingsey and Kai Li},
 title = {{Libckpt: Transparent Checkpointing under Unix}},
 year = {1994},
 source = {http://www.ncstrl.org:8900/ncstrl/servlet/search?formname=detail\&id=oai%3Ancstrlh%3Autk_cs%3Ancstrl.utk_cs%2F%2FUT-CS-94-242},
 publisher = {University of Tennessee},
 }
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/isca/HwuP87,
  author    = {Wen-Mei W. Hwu and Yale N. Patt},
  title     = {{Checkpoint Repair for Out-of-order Execution Machines.}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
  year      = {1987},
}

@inproceedings{545228,
 author = {Milos Prvulovic and Zheng Zhang and Josep Torrellas},
 title = {{ReVive: Cost-effective Architectural Support for Rollback Recovery in Shared-memory Multiprocessors}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
 year = {2002},
 }

@article{545229,
 author = {Daniel J. Sorin and Milo M. K. Martin and Mark D. Hill and David A. Wood},
 title = {{SafetyNet: Improving the Availability of Shared Memory Multiprocessors With
 Global Checkpoint/recovery}},
 journal = {Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
 year = {2002},
  }
@article{628993,
 author = {K. L. Wu and W. K. Fuchs and J. H. Patel},
 title = {{Error Recovery in Shared Memory Multiprocessors Using Private
Caches}},
 journal = {IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems},
 volume = {1},
 number = {2},
 year = {1990},
  }


@ARTICLE{secureblue:mpr06,
  author = {Tom R. Halfhill},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{IBM Offers Chip-Level Security}},
  volume = {May 8},
  journal = {Microprocessor Report}
}




@CONFERENCE{zhou:pact05,
  author = {Huiyang Zhou},
  year = 2005,
  title = {{Dual-Core Execution: Building a Highly Scalable Single-Thread Instruction Window}},
  booktitle = PACT05
}



@CONFERENCE{cacheCMP:pact04,
  author = {Seongbeom Kim and Dhruba Chandra and Yan Solihin},
  year = 2004,
  title = {{Fair Cache Sharing and Partitioning in a Chip Multiprocessor Architecture}},
  booktitle = PACT04
}

@CONFERENCE{ganusov:pact05,
  title = {{Future Execution: A Hardware Prefetching Technique for Chip Multiprocessors}},
  year = 2005,
  author = {Ilya Ganusov and Martin Burtscher},
  booktitle = PACT05
}


@CONFERENCE{bulletproof:hpca06,
  author =  {Kypros Constantinides and Stephen Plaza and Jason Blome and Bin Zhang and Valeria Bertacco and Scott Mahlke and Todd Austin and Michael Orshansky},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{BulletProof: A Defect-Tolerant CMP Switch Architecture}},
  booktitle = HPCA12
}

@CONFERENCE{cord:hpca06,
  author =  {Milos Prvulovic},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{CORD: Cost-effective (and nearly overhead-free) order recording and data race detection}},
  booktitle = HPCA12
}


@CONFERENCE{cacheCMP:hpca05,
  author =  {Dhruba Chandra and Fei Guo and Seongbeom Kim and Yan Solihin},
  year = 2005,
  title = {{Predicting Inter-Thread Cache Contention on a Chip Multi-Processor Architecture}},
  booktitle = HPCA11
}

@CONFERENCE{3dIC:isca06,
  author =  {Feihui Li and Chrys Nicopoulos and Tom Richardson and Yuan Xie and Narayanan Vijaykrishnan and Mahmut Kandemir},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{Design and Management of 3D Chip Multiprocessors using Network-in-Memory}},
  booktitle = ISCA06
}

@CONFERENCE{chang:isca06,
  author =  {Jichuan Chang and Gurindar S. Sohi},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{Cooperative Caching for Chip Multiprocessors}},
  booktitle = ISCA06
}

@inproceedings{1038943,
 author = {Rakesh Kumar and Norman P. Jouppi and Dean M. Tullsen},
 title = {{Conjoined-Core Chip Multiprocessing}},
 booktitle = {MICRO 37: Proceedings of the 37th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture},
 year = {2004},
 pages = {195--206},
 }

@CONFERENCE{VR:isca05,
  title =  {{Victim Replication: Maximizing Capacity while Hiding Wire Delay in Tiled Chip Multiprocessors}},
  year = 2005,
  author = {Michael Zhang and Krste Asanovic},
  booktitle = ISCA05
}

@CONFERENCE{bugnet:isca05,
  title =  {{BugNet: Continuously Recording Program Execution for Deterministic Replay Debugging}},
  year = 2005,
  author = {Satish Narayanasamy and Gilles Pokam and Brad Calder},
  booktitle = ISCA05
}

@CONFERENCE{kumar:isca05,
  title =  {{Interconnections in Multi-Core Architectures: Understanding Mechanisms, Overheads and Scaling}},
  year = 2005,
  author = {Rakesh Kumar and Victor Zyuban and Dean M. Tullsen},
  booktitle = ISCA05
}
@CONFERENCE{kumar:micro03,
  title =  {{Single-ISA Heterogeneous Multicore Architectures: The Potential for Processor Power Reduction}},
  year = 2003,
  author = {Rakesh Kumar and Keith I. Farkas and Norman P. Jouppi and Parthasarathy Ranganatha and Dean M. Tullsen},
  booktitle = MICR36
}

@CONFERENCE{beckmann:micro04,
  title =  {{Managing Wire Delay in Large Chip-Multiprocessor Caches}},
  year = 2004,
  author = {Bradford Beckmann and David Wood},
  booktitle = MICRO37
}

@CONFERENCE{huh:ics05,
  title =  {{A NUCA Substrate for Flexible CMP Cache Sharing}},
  year = 2005,
  author = {Jaehyuk Huh and Changkyu Kim and Hazin Shafi and Lixin Zhang and Doug Burger and Stephen W. Keckler},
  booktitle = ICS05
}

@inproceedings{859631,
 author = {Mohamed Gomaa and Chad Scarbrough and T. N. Vijaykumar and Irith Pomeranz},
 title = {{Transient-fault recovery for chip multiprocessors}},
 booktitle = {ISCA '03: Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture},
 year = {2003},
 pages = {98--109},
 }

@inproceedings{545226,
 author = {T. N. Vijaykumar and Irith Pomeranz and Karl Cheng},
 title = {Transient-fault recovery using simultaneous multithreading},
 booktitle = {ISCA '02: Proceedings of the 29th annual international symposium on Computer architecture},
 year = {2002},
 pages = {87--98},
 }

@inproceedings{339652,
 author = {Steven K. Reinhardt and Shubhendu S. Mukherjee},
 title = {{Transient fault detection via simultaneous multithreading}},
 booktitle = {ISCA '00: Proceedings of the 27th annual international symposium on Computer architecture},
 year = {2000},
 pages = {25--36},
 }

@inproceedings{796966,
 author = {Eric Rotenberg},
 title = {AR-SMT: A Microarchitectural Approach to Fault Tolerance in Microprocessors},
 booktitle = {FTCS '99: Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Fault-Tolerant Computing Symposium},
 year = {1999},
 }

@inproceedings{859633,
 author = {Min Xu and Rastislav Bodik and Mark D. Hill},
 title = {A "flight data recorder" for enabling full-system multiprocessor deterministic replay},
 booktitle = {ISCA '03: Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture},
 year = {2003},
 pages = {122--135},
 }

@incollection{hammond:tcc:isca:2004, 
  author    = {Hammond, Lance and Wong, Vicky and Chen, Mike and Carlstrom, Brian D. and Davis, John D. and Hertzberg, Ben and Prabhu, Manohar K. and Wijaya, Honggo and Kozyrakis, Christos and Olukotun, Kunle},
  title     = {Transactional Memory Coherence and Consistency},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
  month     = {Jun},
  year      = {2004}
}

@incollection{mcdonald:tcc-characterization:pact:2005,
  author    = {McDonald, Austen and Chung, JaeWoong and Chafi, Hassan and Cao Minh, Chi and Carlstrom, Brian D. and Hammond, Lance and Kozyrakis, Christos and Olukotun, Kunle},
  title     = {Characterization of TCC on Chip-Multiprocessors},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques},
  month     = {Sept},
  year      = {2005}
}

@incollection{ananian:unbounded-tm:hpca:2005,
  author    = {Ananian, C. Scott and Asanovic, Krste and Kuszmaul, Bradley C. and Leiserson, Charles E. and Lie, Sean},
  title     = {Unbounded Transactional Memory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture},
  pages     = {316--327},
  month     = {Feb},
  pdf       = {http://www.cag.csail.mit.edu/scale/papers/utm-hpca2005.pdf},
  year      = {2005}
}


@ARTICLE{heapmon:ibm06,
  author = {Rithin Shetty and Mazen Kharbutli and Yan Solihin and Milos Prvulovic},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{HeapMon: A Helper-thread Approach to Programmable, Automatic and Low-overhead Memory Bug Detection}},
  volume = {50},
  number = {2/3},
  journal = {IBM Journal of Research and Development}
}

@inproceedings{cmp:asplos06,
 author = {Kunle Olukotun and Basem A. Nayfeh and Lance Hammond and Ken Wilson and Kunyung Chang},
 title = {{The Case for a Single-Chip Multiprocessor}},
 booktitle = {ASPLOS-VII: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems},
 year = {1996},
 pages = {2--11},
 }

@article{1083958,
 author = {Yung-Yuan Chen},
 title = {{Concurrent Detection of Control Flow Errors by Hybrid Signature Monitoring}},
 journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
 volume = {54},
 number = {10},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {1298--1313},
 }


@article{lu:toc82,
 author = {D. J. Lu},
 title = {{Watchdog Processor and Structural Integrity Checking}},
 journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
 volume = {C-31},
 number = {7},
 year = {1982},
 pages = {681--685},
 }


@article{wilken:toc90,
 author = {Kent Wilken and John Paul Shen},
 title = {{Continuous Signature Monitoring: Low-Cost Concurrent Detection of Processor Control Errors}},
 journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
 volume = {9},
 number = {6},
 year = {1990},
 pages = {629--641},
 }

@article{saxena:toc90,
 author = {N. R. Saxena and E. J. McCluskey},
 title = {{Control Flow Checking Using Watchdog Assists and Extended-Precision Checksums}},
 journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
 volume = {39},
 number = {4},
 year = {1990},
 pages = {554--559},
 }

@article{308002,
 author = {Z. Alkhalifa and V. S. S. Nair and N. Krishnamurthy and J. A. Abraham},
 title = {{Design and Evaluation of System-Level Checks for On-Line Control Flow Error Detection}},
 journal = {IEEE Transactions on Parallel Distributed Systems},
 volume = {10},
 number = {6},
 year = {1999},
 issn = {1045-9219},
 }

@inproceedings{microrollback:ftcs88,
 author = {Yuval Tamir and Marc Temblay and David A. Rennels},
 title = {{The Implementation and Application of Micro Rollback in Fault Tolerant VLSI Systems}},
 booktitle = {FTCS '88: Proceedings of the 18th Annual Fault-Tolerant Computing Symposium},
 year = {1999},
 }

@inproceedings{subvirt:sp06,
 author = {Samuel T. King and Peter M. Chen and Yi-Min Wang and Chad Verbowski and Helen J. Wang and Jacob R. Lorch},
 title = {{SubVirt: Implementing Malware with Virtual Machines}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy},
 year = {2006},
 }


@inproceedings{vm:hotos01,
 author = {Peter M. Chen and Brian Noble},
 title = {{When Virtual is Better Than Real}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2001 Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS)},
 year = {2001},
 }


@inproceedings{vmm:lie06,
 author = {Kurniadi Asrigo and Lionel Litty and David Lie.},
 title = {{Using VMM-Based Sensors to Monitor Honeypots}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments},
 year = {2006},
 }

@inproceedings{1095825,
 author = {Michael Vrable and Justin Ma and Jay Chen and David Moore and Erik Vandekieft and Alex C. Snoeren and Geoffrey M. Voelker and Stefan Savage},
 title = {Scalability, fidelity, and containment in the potemkin virtual honeyfarm},
 booktitle = {SOSP '05: Proceedings of the twentieth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {148--162},
 }

@inproceedings{844148,
 author = {George W. Dunlap and Samuel T. King and Sukru Cinar and Murtaza A. Basrai and Peter M. Chen},
 title = {ReVirt: enabling intrusion analysis through virtual-machine logging and replay},
 booktitle = {OSDI'02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation},
 year = {2002},
 pages = {211--224},
 }

@inproceedings{945464,
 author = {Tal Garfinkel and Ben Pfaff and Jim Chow and Mendel Rosenblum and Dan Boneh},
 title = {Terra: a virtual machine-based platform for trusted computing},
 booktitle = {SOSP '03: Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles},
 year = {2003},
 pages = {193--206},
 }

@article{lamport:cacm78,
 author = {Leslie Lamport},
 title = {{Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system}},
 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
 volume = {21},
 number = {7},
 year = {1978},
 issn = {558-565},
 }

@TECHREPORT{ms:singularity,
  author = {Mark Aiken and Manuel Fahndrich and Chris Hawblitzel and Galen C. Hunt and James R. Larus},
  year = 2006,
  title = {{Deconstructing Process Isolation}},
  number = {MSR-TR-2006-43},
month = {April},
  institution = {Microsoft Research}
}

@inproceedings{suh:fpl07,
 author = {Taeweon Suh and Shih-Lien L. Lu and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {An FPGA Approach to Quantifying Coherence Traffic Efficiency on Multiprocessor Systems},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications},
 year = {2007}
 }

@inproceedings{shi:cf07,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {Accelerating Memory Decryption and Authentication with Frequent Value Prediction},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers},
 year = {2007},
 pages = {35-46}
 }

@inproceedings{shi:micro39,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {Authentication Control Point and its Implications for Secure Processor Design},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th International Symposium on Microarchitecture},
 year = {2006},
 pages = {103-112}
 }

@article{lu:jdpc06,
 author = {Chenghuai Lu and Tao Zhang and Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Le},
 title = {{"M-TREE: A High Efficiency Security Architecture for Protecting Integrity and Privacy of Software}},
 journal = {Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing for a special issue on Security in Grid and Distributed Systems},
 volume = {66},
 number = {9},
 year = {2006},
 issn = {1116-1128},
 }

@inproceedings{shi:gh06,
 author = {Weidong Shi and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee and Richard M. Yoo and Alexandra Boldyreva},
 title = {A Digital Right Enabled Graphics Processing System},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Workshop of Graphics Hardware},
 year = {2006},
 pages = {17-26}
 }

@inproceedings{ballapuram:asplos08,
 author = {Chinnakrishnan S. Ballapuram and Ahmad Sharif and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {Exploiting Access Semantics and Program Behavior to Reduce Snoop Power in Chip Multiprocessors},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th ACM Internatioanl Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems},
 year = {2008},
 }

@inproceedings{ghosh:icpads07,
 author = {Mrinmoy Ghosh and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {Virtual Exclusion: An Architectural Approach to Reducing Leakage Energy in Caches for Multiprocessor Systems},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems},
 year = {2007},
 }

@inproceedings{woo:cases06,
 author = {Dong Hyuk Woo and Mrinmoy Ghosh and Emre Ozer and Stuart Biles and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {Reducing Energy of Virtual Cache Synonym Lookup using Bloom Filters},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of  the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Compilers Architecture and Synthesis for Embedded Systems},
 year = {2006},
 }


@inproceedings{ballapuram:cases06,
 author = {Chinnakrishnan S. Ballapuram and Kiran Puttaswamy and Gabriel H. Loh and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {Entropy-based Low Power Data TLB Design},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of  the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Compilers Architecture and Synthesis for Embedded Systems},
 year = {2006},
 }

@inproceedings{ghosh:micro40,
 author = {Mrinmoy Ghosh and Hsien-Hsin S. Lee},
 title = {Smart Refresh: An Enhanced Memory Controller Design for Reducing Energy in Conventional and 3D Die-Stacked DRAMs},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th International Symposium on Microarchitecture},
 year = {2007},
 }

@InProceedings{masparMP1arch,
        title = "{The MasPar MP-1 Architecture}",
        author = "Tom Blank",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of COMPCON",
        year = "Spring 1990"
}

@inproceedings{nickolls:compcon90,
author = {John R. Nickolls},
title = {{The Design of the MasPar MP-1: a Cost Effective Massively Parallel Computer}},
booktitle = {Compcon Spring 90'},
year = {1990}
}

@InProceedings{CMarch,
      title = "{Architecture and Applications of the Connection Machine}",
      author = "Lewis W. Tucker and George G. Robertson",
      booktitle = "IEEE Computer",
      month = "August",
      year = "1988"
}

@InProceedings{sim-alpha,
      title = "{Measuring Experimental Error in Microprocessor Simulation}",
      author = "R. Desikan and D. C. Burger and S. W. Keckler",
      booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Computer Architecture",
      pages = "266-277",
      year = "2001"
}


@InProceedings{PTLsim,
      title = "{PTLsim: A Cycle Accurate Full System x86-64 Microarchitectural Simulator}",
      author = "Matt T. Yourst",
      booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software",
      year = "2007"
}

@InProceedings{sim-alpha,
      title = "{Measuring Experimental Error in Microprocessor Simulation}",
      author = "R. Desikan and D. C. Burger and S. W. Keckler",
      booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Computer Architecture",
      pages = "266-277",
      year = "2001"
}

@article{DRAMsim,
 author = {David Wang and Brinda Ganesh and Nuengwong Tuaycharoen and Kathleen Baynes and Aamer Jaleel and Bruce Jacob},
 title = {{DRAMsim: a Memory System Simulator}},
 journal = {SIGARCH Computer Architecture News},
 volume = {33},
 number = {4},
 year = {2005},
  pages = {100--107},
 }
